𐰏

Clauson suggest that it might ultimately be derived from Ancient Greek Γ (G, “gamma”) through intermediaries.

𐰏 (g)

1. A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /ɡ/, used with front vowels.

• Clauson, Gerard (1972), “g”, in The Origin of Turkic Runic Alphabet, London, pages 69 and 74

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-ig. Cognate with Chuvash -не (-ne), Turkish -i, Uzbek -ni, Kazakh -ні (-nı).

𐰏 (-g, -ig)

1. Forms the accusative case

   ‎𐱃‎ (at, “horse”) + ‎𐰍 (ǧ) → ‎𐱃𐰍‎ (atïɣ, “the horse (accusative)”)

1. In some rare instances, the form 𐰤𐰃‎ (-ni) appears, it is mostly used after vowels.

   ‎𐰸𐰆‎ (qu, “a chinese name”) + ‎𐰣𐰃 (n¹i) → ‎𐰸𐰆𐰣𐰃‎ (qunï, “a chinese name (accusative)”)

2. After singular possesive suffixes, it takes the form 𐰤‎ (-(i)n).

   ‎𐱃‎ (at, “horse”) + ‎𐰣 (n¹) → ‎𐱃𐰢𐰣‎ (atïmïn, “my horse (accusative)”)

   ‎𐱃‎ (at, “horse”) + ‎𐰣 (n¹) → ‎𐱃𐰭𐰣‎ (atïŋïn, “your horse (accusative)”)

   ‎𐱃‎ (at, “horse”) + ‎𐰣 (n¹) → ‎𐱃𐰣‎ (atïn, “his/her/its horse (accusative)”)

• 𐰍‎ (-ɣ, -ïɣ)
• 𐰇𐰏‎ (-üg)
• 𐰆𐰍‎ (-uɣ)
• 𐰤‎ (-n, -in)
• 𐰣‎ (-n, -ïn)
• 𐰤𐰃‎ (-ni)
• 𐰣𐰃‎ (-nï)

• 𐰤𐰭‎ (-niŋ, “genitive case”)
• 𐰚𐰀‎ (-ke, “dative-locative case”)
• 𐰓𐰀‎ (-de, “locative-ablative case”)
• 𐰓𐰤‎ (-din, “ablative case”)
• 𐰏𐰼𐰇‎ (-gerü, “allative case”)
• 𐰲𐰀‎ (-če, “equative case”)
• 𐰤‎ (-in, “instrumental case”)
• 𐰠𐰏𐰇‎ (-ligü, “comitative case”)

• Tekin, Talât (1968), “-γ/-g”, in A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic (Uralic and Altaic Series; 69), Bloomington: Indiana University, →ISBN, page 127

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-g. Cognate with Chuvash -ӗ (-ĕ), Turkish -i, Uzbek -ik.

𐰏 (-g, -ig)

1. Suffix forming nouns from verbs

   ‎𐰋𐰃𐰠‎ (bil-, “to know”) + ‎𐰏 (g) → ‎𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰏‎ (bilig, “knowledge”)

• 𐰍‎ (-ɣ, -ïɣ)
• 𐰇𐰏‎ (-üg)
• 𐰆𐰍‎ (-uɣ)

• Tekin, Talât (1968), “-γ/-g”, in A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic (Uralic and Altaic Series; 69), Bloomington: Indiana University, →ISBN, page 111
• Clauson, Gerard (1972), “-ğ/-ığ/-ig/-uğ/-üg”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page xliv