酣

酣	U+9163, 酣 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9163

← 酢
[U+9162]

CJK Unified Ideographs

酤 →
[U+9164]

Translingual

Han character

酣 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一田廿一 (MWTM), four-corner 1467₀, composition ⿰酉甘)

rapturous, rapturously, soundly and comfortably
(in connection with the drinking of alcohol) intoxicated, tipsy, drunk
enjoying intoxicants

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1282, character 2

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39825

Dae Jaweon: page 1782, character 1

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3577, character 9

Unihan data for U+9163

Chinese

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Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 酣
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (甘) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
紺	*kɯːms
姏	*mɡaːm
嵌	sɡaːmʔ, kʰraːm
甘	*kaːm
柑	*kaːm
苷	*kaːm
泔	*kaːm
坩	kaːm, kʰaːm
蚶	ɢaːm, ɢaːm
酣	*ɢaːm
甝	*ɢaːm
魽	*ɢaːm
邯	ɡaːm, ɡaːm
鉗	*ɡram
箝	*ɡram
黚	ɡram, ɡrɯm
拑	*ɡram

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢaːm) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 酉 (“alcohol”) + phonetic 甘 (OC *kaːm).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hān (han¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ham⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hâm
Min Bei (KCR): háng
Min Nan (Hokkien, POJ): ham

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hān
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: han
  - Wade–Giles: han¹
  - Yale: hān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: han
  - Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ham⁴
  - Yale: hàhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ham⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: hem⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐm²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hâm
  - Hakka Romanization System: ham´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ham¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ham²⁴/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: háng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xaŋ⁵⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ham
  - Tâi-lô: ham
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hafm
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ham³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ham⁴⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 酣
Mandarin	Beijing	/xan⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/xan⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/xan²¹/
	Jinan	/xã²¹³/
	Qingdao	/xã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/xan²⁴/
	Xi'an	/xã²¹/
	Xining	/xã⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/xan⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/xɛ̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/xan⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/xan⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/xan⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/xan⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/xã̠⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/xaŋ³¹/
	Hefei	/xæ̃²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/xæ̃¹¹/
	Pingyao	/xɑŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/xæ̃³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/hø⁵³/
	Suzhou	/hø⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/hẽ̞³³/
	Wenzhou	/hø³³/
Hui	Shexian	/xɛ⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/xan³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/han³³/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡sʰiɑm⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hɐm²¹/
	Nanning	/hɐm²¹/
	Hong Kong	/hɐm²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/ham³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/haŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xaŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/ham³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/kam²³/

Middle Chinese: ham

Rime
Character	酣
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	談 (143)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡甘切
Baxter	ham
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑm/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑm/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦam/
Li Rong	/ɣɑm/
Wang Li	/ɣɑm/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɑm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ham⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤam/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɢaːm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	酣
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hān
Middle Chinese	‹ ham ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁam/
English	half-drunk
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	酣
Reading #	1/1
No.	3659
Phonetic component	甘
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	酣
Old Chinese	/*ɢaːm/

Definitions

酣

to drink alcohol to one's heart's content
to enjoy drinking alcohol
in a carefree manner; to the fullest and joyfully
酣飲／酣饮 ― hānyǐn ― to drink to one's heart's content

酣笑 ― hānxiào ― to laugh to the fullest
(of a fight) intense; fierce
酣鬥／酣斗 ― hāndòu ― to fight intensely
- 時反蔣戰爭方酣，蘇俄有意觀望。 [MSC, trad.]
  时反蒋战争方酣，苏俄有意观望。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 1979, 郭廷以 (Kuo Ting-yee), 《近代中國史綱》 (A Short History of Modern China)
  Shí fǎn Jiǎng zhànzhēng fāng hān, Sū'é yǒuyì guānwàng. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Compounds

半酣 (bànhān)
酒酣 (jiǔhān)
酣戰／酣战 (hānzhàn)
酣暢／酣畅 (hānchàng)
酣睡 (hānshuì, “fast asleep”)
酣醉 (hānzuì)
酣鬥／酣斗 (hāndòu)

Japanese

Kanji

酣

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: がん (gan)

Kan-on: かん (kan)

On: こん (kon)

Kun: たけなわ (takenawa)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
酣
たけなわ Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 酣 – see the following entry.

【たけなわ】

[noun] heights; full swing

Alternative spelling
闌

(This term, 酣, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

酣 • (geom) (hangeul 검, revised geom, McCune–Reischauer kŏm, Yale kem)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

酣: Hán Nôm readings: hàm, ham

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