奸

See also: 姦
奸 U+5978, 奸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5978
← 奷
[U+5977] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 她 →
[U+5979]

Translingual

Han character

奸 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 女一十 (VMJ), four-corner 41440, composition ⿰女干)

Derived characters
  • 𪥻 𫰸 𫱅 𫱸 𡋖

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 255, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6045
  • Dae Jaweon: page 518, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1025, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5978

Chinese
trad. 奸/姦*
simp. 奸

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (干) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
訐 *krads, *krads, *ked, *kad
肝 *kaːn
竿 *kaːn
干 *kaːn
奸 *kaːn
玕 *kaːn
汗 *kaːn, *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns
迀 *kaːn
忓 *kaːn, *ɡaːns
鳱 *kaːn
邗 *kaːn, *ɡaːn
秆 *kaːnʔ
矸 *kaːnʔ, *kaːns, *ɡaːns
仠 *kaːnʔ
皯 *kaːnʔ
衦 *kaːnʔ
簳 *kaːnʔ
擀 *kaːnʔ
旰 *kaːns
盰 *kaːns
幹 *kaːns
杆 *kaːns
骭 *kaːns, *ɡraːns
桿 *kaːnʔ
趕 *kaːnʔ
稈 *kaːnʔ
刊 *kʰaːn
靬 *kʰaːn, *kʰaːns, *kreːn, *kan
衎 *kʰaːnʔ, *kʰaːns
犴 *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns
豻 *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns, *ɦŋaːns, *ŋ̊ʰraːn
頇 *ŋaːns, *hŋaːn, *ŋaːd
岸 *ŋɡaːns
鼾 *qʰaːn, *ɢaːns
罕 *qʰaːnʔ, *qʰaːns
焊 *qʰaːnʔ, *ɡaːns
蔊 *qʰaːnʔ
虷 *ɡaːn
旱 *ɡaːnʔ
皔 *ɡaːnʔ
釬 *ɡaːns
扞 *ɡaːns
閈 *ɡaːns
馯 *ɡaːns, *kʰraːn
捍 *ɡaːns, *ɡraːnʔ
悍 *ɡaːns
銲 *ɡaːns
垾 *ɡaːns
駻 *ɡaːns
睅 *ɡʷranʔ
娨 *ɡraːns
飦 *kan
赶 *ɡan, *ɡʷad
軒 *qʰan
蓒 *qʰan
酐 *qʰaːŋʔ
澣 *ɡʷaːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːn) : semantic 女 + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn).

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • 1ke - vernacular;
  • 1ji - literary.

Definitions

奸

  1. to stage an armed rebellion or steal
  2. evil; wicked; treacherous
  3. self-seeking; wily
  4. evildoer; treacherous person
  5. traitor; betrayer
  6. to commit adultery
  7. to rape

Antonyms
  • (evil): 義／义 (yì, “righteous; justice”)

Compounds
  • 以售其奸
  • 作奸犯科 (zuòjiānfànkē)
  • 元惡大奸／元恶大奸
  • 內奸／内奸 (nèijiān)
  • 剗惡除奸／刬恶除奸
  • 剪惡除奸／剪恶除奸
  • 呆裡撒奸／呆里撒奸
  • 大奸
  • 大奸似忠
  • 奸人 (jiānrén)
  • 奸佞 (jiānnìng)
  • 奸俏
  • 奸刁
  • 奸同鬼蜮
  • 奸商 (jiānshāng)
  • 奸夫 (jiānfū)
  • 奸宄 (jiānguǐ)
  • 奸巧
  • 奸徒
  • 奸慝
  • 奸棍
  • 奸毒
  • 奸民 (jiānmín)
  • 奸汙／奸污 (jiānwū)
  • 奸淫 (jiānyín)
  • 奸滑
  • 奸狡
  • 奸猾 (jiānhuá)
  • 奸笑 (jiānxiào)
  • 奸細／奸细 (jiānxì)
  • 奸胥猾吏
  • 奸臣 (jiānchén)
  • 奸言
  • 奸計／奸计 (jiānjì)
  • 奸詐／奸诈 (jiānzhà)
  • 奸詐不級／奸诈不级
  • 奸賊／奸贼 (jiānzéi)
  • 奸邪 (jiānxié)
  • 奸長／奸长
  • 奸險／奸险 (jiānxiǎn)
  • 奸雄 (jiānxióng)
  • 奸頑／奸顽
  • 奸騙／奸骗
  • 奸黠
  • 奸黨／奸党 (jiāndǎng)
  • 姑息養奸／姑息养奸
  • 捉奸捉雙／捉奸捉双
  • 捉奸見床／捉奸见床
  • 捉奸見雙／捉奸见双
  • 揣奸把猾
  • 摘奸發伏／摘奸发伏
  • 擒奸摘伏
  • 擿奸發伏／擿奸发伏
  • 朋奸
  • 朋比作奸
  • 朋比為奸／朋比为奸 (péngbǐwéijiān)
  • 洞察其奸
  • 洞燭其奸／洞烛其奸
  • 深奸巨猾
  • 漢奸／汉奸 (hànjiān)
  • 犯奸
  • 狼狽為奸／狼狈为奸 (lángbèiwéijiān)
  • 發奸摘隱／发奸摘隐
  • 發奸擿伏／发奸擿伏
  • 祛蠹除奸
  • 私心藏奸
  • 老奸巨猾
  • 耍奸 (shuǎjiān)
  • 肆奸植黨／肆奸植党
  • 藏奸 (cángjiān)
  • 行奸賣俏／行奸卖俏
  • 詐奸不及／诈奸不及
  • 賣俏營奸／卖俏营奸
  • 賣俏迎奸／卖俏迎奸
  • 賣奸／卖奸
  • 賢奸倒置／贤奸倒置
  • 通奸 (tōngjiān)
  • 鋤奸／锄奸
  • 除奸

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 奸
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古寒切
Baxter kan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kɑn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kɑn/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kan/
Li
Rong		 /kɑn/
Wang
Li		 /kɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 gān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 gon1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 奸
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 gān
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kan ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kˁa[r]/
English treacherous

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 奸
Reading # 1/1
No. 3571
Phonetic
component		 干
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 干
Old
Chinese		 /*kaːn/

Definitions

奸

  1. (archaic) to offend; to mistreat; to encroach on; alternative form of 干

Compounds
  • 奸命
  • 奸犯
  • 奸絕／奸绝
  • 奸蘭／奸兰
  • 奸説／奸说
  • 相奸 (xiānggān)
  • 闇奸／暗奸

Japanese

Alternative forms

Kanji
奸

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Compounds
Compounds
Kanji in this term
奸
かん
Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 奸 (kan).

Pronunciation

Adjective

奸(かん) • (kan) -na (adnominal 奸(かん)な (kan na), adverbial 奸(かん)に (kan ni))

  1. wicked

Inflection
Inflection of 奸
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 奸だろ かんだろ kan daro
Continuative (連用形) 奸で かんで kan de
Terminal (終止形) 奸だ かんだ kan da
Attributive (連体形) 奸な かんな kan na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 奸なら かんなら kan nara
Imperative (命令形) 奸であれ かんであれ kan de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 奸ではない
奸じゃない		 かんではない
かんじゃない		 kan de wa nai
kan ja nai
Informal past 奸だった かんだった kan datta
Informal negative past 奸ではなかった
奸じゃなかった		 かんではなかった
かんじゃなかった		 kan de wa nakatta
kan ja nakatta
Formal 奸です かんです kan desu
Formal negative 奸ではありません
奸じゃありません		 かんではありません
かんじゃありません		 kan de wa arimasen
kan ja arimasen
Formal past 奸でした かんでした kan deshita
Formal negative past 奸ではありませんでした
奸じゃありませんでした		 かんではありませんでした
かんじゃありませんでした		 kan de wa arimasen deshita
kan ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 奸で かんで kan de
Conditional 奸なら（ば） かんなら（ば） kan nara (ba)
Provisional 奸だったら かんだったら kan dattara
Volitional 奸だろう かんだろう kan darō
Adverbial 奸に かんに kan ni
Degree 奸さ かんさ kansa

Noun

奸(かん) • (kan) 

  1. evil, wickedness
    Antonyms: 義(ぎ) (gi, “justice”)
  2. wicked person

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

Wikisource 奸 (eumhun 간사할 간 (gansahal gan))
奸 (eumhun 범할 간 (beomhal gan))

  1. Hanja form? of 간 (“evil, wicked”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • Naver Hanja Dictionary: 奸
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
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