垂

See also: 埀, 乗, and 重

垂	U+5782, 垂 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5782

← 垁
[U+5781]

CJK Unified Ideographs

垃 →
[U+5783]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

垂 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹十廿一 (HJTM), four-corner 2010₄)

Derived characters

睡, 錘/锤, 郵, 倕, 唾, 埵, 娷, 崜, 捶, 棰, 涶, 硾, 箠, 綞/缍, 腄, 菙, 諈, 陲, 甀, 㩾, 㻔, 䅜, 䍋, 䮔, 䳠, 厜, 𠝶, 𡐱, 𡑈, 𡙇, 𢏴, 𢔝, 𢛉, 𢛲, 𢻩, 𣂩, 𣇦, 𤷣, 𥡭, 𦈼, 𦖋, 𦥻, 𧌯, 𨉡, 𨔠, 𨲉, 𩃒, 𩗰, 𩜀, 𩣷, 𩩞, 𩭦, 𩸫, 𫵌

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 227, character 16

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5012

Dae Jaweon: page 463, character 2

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 432, character 5

Unihan data for U+5782

Chinese

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Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 垂
Spring and Autumn	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (垂) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
埵	*toːlʔ
綞	*toːlʔ
涶	tʰoːl, tʰoːls
唾	*tʰoːls
厜	*stol
腄	tol, dols, *ɢʷɯ
箠	tol, tjolʔ
娷	*tols
諈	*tols
錘	dol, dols, *du
甀	dol, dols
硾	*dols
捶	*tjolʔ
垂	*djol
陲	*djol
倕	*djol
菙	*djolʔ
睡	*djols

Originally 𡍮. Pictogram (象形) : 𠂹 + 土, flowers hanging from a plant.

Etymology

May be from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(d/n)waj (“to hang from; to cling to; creeper”) (STEDT), whence Burmese တွယ် (twai, “to cling”). May be related to 睡 (OC *djols, “to sleep”), 朵 (OC *toːlʔ, “to hang from a tree; classifier for blossoms”), 橢 (OC *l̥ʰoːlʔ, “oblong; oval”), 惰 (OC *l'oːlʔ, *l'oːls, “lazy”) and 蕊 (OC *ŋljolʔ, *ŋljulʔ, “reproductive organ of flower”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chuí (chui²)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄟˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): seoi⁴
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): sûi / sêr / sê / sôe

(Teochew, Peng'im): sui⁵ / suê⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chuí
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄟˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chuéi
  - Wade–Giles: chʻui²
  - Yale: chwéi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwei
  - Palladius: чуй (čuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: seoi⁴
  - Yale: sèuih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: soey⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: sêu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɵy̯²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sûi
  - Tâi-lô: suî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: suii
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sui²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sui¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /sui²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêr
  - Tâi-lô: sêr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sə²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sê
  - Tâi-lô: sê
  - Phofsit Daibuun: see
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /se²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /se²³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sôe
  - Tâi-lô: suê
  - Phofsit Daibuun: soee
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sue²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /sue²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sue¹³/

Note:

sûi - literary;
sêr/sê/sôe - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sui⁵ / suê⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sûi / suê
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sui⁵⁵/, /sue⁵⁵/

Note:

suê5 - “listless; wilted”.

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 垂
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʰuei³⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡sʰuei⁴⁴/ /t͡sʰuei⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡sʰuei⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʰuei⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ʈ͡ʂʰue⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰuei⁴²/
	Xi'an	/p͡fʰei²⁴/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂʰuɨ²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʰuei⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/p͡fʰei⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂʰuei⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰuei²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡sʰuei³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰuei²¹/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂʰuei³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʰuəi²⁴/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂʰue⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰuei¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡sʰuei¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰuei³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/zø²³/
	Suzhou	/ze̞¹³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zz̩ʷei²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/d͡zz̩³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕye⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/ɕy⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕyei¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/d͡ʑyəi¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰui²⁴/
Hakka	Meixian	/sui¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/sui¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/søy²¹/
	Nanning	/sui²¹/
	Hong Kong	/søy²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/sui³⁵/ /se³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/suoi⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/sy³³/ /ty⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/sui⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/sui³¹/

Middle Chinese: dzywe

Rime
Character	垂
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	支 (12)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	是爲切
Baxter	dzywe
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiuᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑʷiɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjuɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑwiə̆/
Li Rong	/ʑiue/
Wang Li	/ʑǐwe/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑwie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chuí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	seoi⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]o[j]/

(Zhengzhang): /*djol/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	垂
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chuí
Middle Chinese	‹ dzywe ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]o[j]/
English	hang down
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	垂
Reading #	1/1
No.	1676
Phonetic component	垂
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	𡍮
Old Chinese	/*djol/

Definitions

垂

to suspend; to hang (down); bend (down); hand (down)
to drip
bequeath; nearly; almost
to approach
(Teochew) listless
(Teochew) wilted
(obsolete) difficult; hard
(obsolete) hardly; harshly

Compounds

下垂 (xiàchuí)
並垂不朽／并垂不朽
事敗垂成／事败垂成
低垂 (dīchuí)
公垂線／公垂线
創業垂統／创业垂统
功垂竹帛
功墮垂成／功堕垂成
功敗垂成／功败垂成 (gōngbàichuíchéng)
北垂 (běichuí)
南垂
厄利垂亞／厄利垂亚 (Èlìchuíyà)
名垂不朽
名垂後世／名垂后世
名垂竹帛
名垂罔極／名垂罔极
名垂青史 (míngchuíqīngshǐ)
四垂
坐不垂堂
垂下
垂亡
垂危 (chuíwēi)
垂名
垂名竹帛
垂命
垂問／垂问
垂垂
垂堂
垂察
垂心 (chuíxīn)
垂念
垂愛／垂爱
垂憐／垂怜 (chuílián)
垂憫／垂悯
垂懸／垂悬
垂成
垂手
垂手可得 (chuíshǒukědé)
垂手而得
垂手過膝／垂手过膝
垂披
垂拱
垂拱而治
垂掛／垂挂 (chuíguà)
垂教
垂於將來／垂于将来
垂暮 (chuímù)
垂柳 (chuíliǔ)
垂棘
垂楊／垂杨
垂楊柳／垂杨柳
垂橐
垂櫜
垂死 (chuísǐ)
垂死掙扎／垂死挣扎
垂泣
垂涎 (chuíxián)
垂涕
垂涎三尺 (chuíxiánsānchǐ)
垂涎欲滴 (chuíxiányùdī)
垂淚／垂泪 (chuílèi)
垂照
垂璧
垂白
垂白上僂／垂白上偻
垂白之親／垂白之亲
垂直 (chuízhí)
垂直尾翼
垂直帶／垂直带
垂直線／垂直线
垂直貿易／垂直贸易
垂直起落飛機／垂直起落飞机
垂直起飛／垂直起飞
垂直距離／垂直距离
垂直關係／垂直关系
垂直面
垂盼
垂示
垂範／垂范 (chuífàn)
垂簾／垂帘 (chuílián)
垂簾聽政／垂帘听政 (chuíliántīngzhèng)
垂統／垂统
垂絲／垂丝
垂絕／垂绝
垂綸／垂纶
垂線／垂线 (chuíxiàn)
垂線足／垂线足
垂翅
垂老 (chuílǎo)
垂聽／垂听 (chuítīng)
垂花門／垂花门
垂落
垂衣拱手
垂裕後昆／垂裕后昆
垂詢／垂询 (chuíxún)
垂足 (chuízú)
垂釣／垂钓 (chuídiào)
垂鑒／垂鉴
垂陰／垂阴
垂露
垂青 (chuíqīng)
垂面
垂頭／垂头 (chuítóu)
垂頭喪氣／垂头丧气 (chuítóusàngqì)
垂頭拱手／垂头拱手
垂頭搨翼／垂头拓翼
垂首
垂首喪氣／垂首丧气
垂馨千祀
垂體／垂体 (chuítǐ)
垂髫 (chuítiáo)
垂髮／垂发
夜幕低垂
奄奄垂絕／奄奄垂绝
德垂後裔／德垂后裔
愴然垂首／怆然垂首
懸壅垂／悬壅垂 (xuányōngchuí)
懷金垂紫／怀金垂紫
懸針垂露／悬针垂露
披垂
拖紫垂青
拱手垂裳
敗於垂成／败于垂成
染指垂涎
永垂不朽 (yǒngchuíbùxiǔ)
涕淚交垂／涕泪交垂
海立雲垂／海立云垂
獨垂青盼／独垂青盼
眉垂目合
綈袍垂愛／绨袍垂爱
綠楊垂柳／绿杨垂柳
羊裘垂釣／羊裘垂钓
耳垂 (ěrchuí)
聯垂／联垂
胃下垂 (wèixiàchuí)
腦下垂體／脑下垂体 (nǎoxiàchuítǐ)
舯垂
艉垂標／艉垂标
艏垂標／艏垂标
西垂 (Xīchuí)
邥垂
鉛垂線／铅垂线 (qiānchuíxiàn)
飛蠅垂珠／飞蝇垂珠
饞涎欲垂／馋涎欲垂
鳴琴垂拱／鸣琴垂拱

References

“Query for 垂”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
“Entry #8621”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.

Japanese

Kanji

垂

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

suspend, dangle, hang

Readings

Go-on: ずい (zui)
Kan-on: すい (sui, Jōyō)
Kun: たれる (tareru, 垂れる, Jōyō); たらす (tarasu, 垂らす, Jōyō); たれ (tare, 垂れ); なんなんとす (nannantosu, 垂す)
Nanori: たる (taru); だれ (dare)

Noun

垂(しで) • (shide)

zigzag-shaped paper streamer often used to adorn Shinto-related objects
hornbeam plant

Alternative forms

四(し)手(で) (shide)

Compounds

垂(すい)直(ちょく) (suichoku): vertical, perpendicular
垂(すい)線(せん) (suisen): perpendicular line
懸(けん)垂(すい) (kensui): suspension, pendency
垂(た)れ下(さ)がる (taresagaru): hang, dangle
雨(あま)垂(だ)れ (amadare): raindrops
垂(た)らす (tarasu): hang down
髪(かみ)を垂(た)らす (kamiotarasu): let one's hair hang down
垂(た)れ (tare): sauce, gravy
胡(ご)麻(ま)垂(だ)れ (gomadare): sesame sauce
糞(くそ)っ垂(た)れ (kusottare): vulgar epithet
しみっ垂(た)れ (shimittare): stinginess, miser

Korean

Hanja

垂 (eum 수 (su))

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Vietnamese

Han character

垂: Hán Nôm readings: thùy/thuỳ

to hang, to fall, to follow
adjacent to

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