化身

Chinese

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Etymology

Calque of Sanskrit निर्माणकाय (nirmāṇakāya, “body of transformations”). The Tibetan equivalent is སྤྲུལ་སྐུ (sprul sku).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 化 身
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 麻 (99) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division (等) II III
Fanqie 呼霸切 失人切
Baxter xwaeH syin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /hˠuaH/ /ɕiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /hʷᵚaH/ /ɕin/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xuaH/ /ɕjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /hwaɨH/ /ɕin/
Li
Rong		 /xuaH/ /ɕiĕn/
Wang
Li		 /xwaH/ /ɕĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xwaH/ /ɕi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 huà shēn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 faa3 san1

Noun

化身

  1. (Buddhism) avatar; reincarnation
  2. (figuratively) living embodiment; reincarnation; personification
    他是一個現實生活中勇氣的化身。 [MSC, trad.]
    他是一个现实生活中勇气的化身。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā shì yī ge xiànshí shēnghuó zhōng yǒngqì de huàshēn. [Pinyin]
    He's the living embodiment of bravery.

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (化身):
  • → Japanese: Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
  • → Korean: 화신(化身) (hwasin)
  • → Vietnamese: hoá thân (Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value))

Verb

化身

  1. to transform into (a living embodiment of)
  2. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to cremate

Synonyms
  • (to cremate): 火化 (huǒhuà)

Japanese
Kanji in this term
化 身
け
Grade: 3		 しん
Grade: 3
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 化身 (MC xwaeH syin, “transformation + body”), itself a translation of Sanskrit निर्माणकाय (nirmāṇakāya, “body of transformations”).[1]

Very rarely encountered with the reading kashin,[2] using the kan'on reading of ka for the 化 character instead of the usual goon reading of ke. Most resources do not include the kashin reading.[1][3][4][5][6][7]

Pronunciation
  • Very rarely encountered with the reading kashin, which might be considered as proscribed by some.

Noun

化(け)身(しん) • (keshin) 

  1. (Buddhism) one of the three trikāya: a physical incarnation of someone, such as Gautama Buddha
  2. (Buddhism, Shinto) a physical manifestation of a Buddha, bodhisattva, kami, or other divine or mystical being
  3. (figuratively) an embodiment or incarnation of something
    • Masami Kurumada, “[戦](たたか)え！[女神](アテナ)のもとでの[巻](まき)”, in Saint(セイント)星(セイ)矢(ヤ), volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 30:
      木(き)戸(ど)沙(さ)織(おり)が女神(アテナ)の化(け)身(しん)⁉
      Kido Saori ga Atena no keshin⁉
      Saori Kido is an incarnation of Athena⁉
  4. (drama) a ghastly apparition in kabuki or other drama

Verb

化(け)身(しん)する • (keshin suru) suru (stem 化(け)身(しん)し (keshin shi), past 化(け)身(しん)した (keshin shita))

  1. to be incarnated, to be embodied

Conjugation
Conjugation of "化身する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 化身し けしんし keshin shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 化身し けしんし keshin shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 化身する けしんする keshin suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 化身する けしんする keshin suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 化身すれ けしんすれ keshin sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 化身せよ¹
化身しろ²		 けしんせよ¹
けしんしろ²		 keshin seyo¹
keshin shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 化身される けしんされる keshin sareru
Causative 化身させる
化身さす		 けしんさせる
けしんさす		 keshin saseru
keshin sasu
Potential 化身できる けしんできる keshin dekiru
Volitional 化身しよう けしんしよう keshin shiyō
Negative 化身しない けしんしない keshin shinai
Negative continuative 化身せず けしんせず keshin sezu
Formal 化身します けしんします keshin shimasu
Perfective 化身した けしんした keshin shita
Conjunctive 化身して けしんして keshin shite
Hypothetical conditional 化身すれば けしんすれば keshin sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References
  1. “化身”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  4. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  5. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  6. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  7. WWWJDIC, relevant entry here

Korean
Hanja in this term
化身

Noun

化身 • (hwasin) (hangeul 화신)

  1. Hanja form? of 화신 (“avatar, incarnation, reincarnation”).

Vietnamese
chữ Hán Nôm in this term
化身

Noun

化身

  1. chữ Hán form of hoá thân (“embodiment”).
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