< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kľučiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *kľùka (“hook”) +‎ *-iti or *kľúčь (“key”) +‎ *-iti.

Verb

*kľùčiti or *kľučìti impf[1][2][3]

  1. lock

Conjugation

AP a is reflected by Slovene, Czech and as an alternative in Serbo-Croatian, while the other Serbo-Croatian alternative, and Old Russian, point to c.

Conjugation of *kľučiti, *kľuči, *kľučitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*kľučenьje *kľučiti *kľučitъ *kľučilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *kľučenъ *kľučimъ
Active *kľučь *kľučę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *kľučixъ*kľuči*kľuči *kľučǫ*kľučiši*kľučitь
Dual *kľučixově*kľučista*kľučiste *kľučivě*kľučita*kľučite
Plural *kľučixomъ*kľučiste*kľučišę *kľučimъ*kľučite*kľučętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *kľučaaxъ*kľučaaše*kľučaaše —*kľuči*kľuči
Dual *kľučaaxově*kľučaašeta*kľučaašete *kľučivě*kľučita—
Plural *kľučaaxomъ*kľučaašete*kľučaaxǫ *kľučimъ*kľučite—
    Notes:
  • (*)*kľučivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Conjugation of *kľučiti, *kľuči, *kľučitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*kľučenьje *kľučiti *kľučitъ *kľučilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *kľučenъ *kľučimъ
Active *kľučь *kľučę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *kľučixъ*kľuči*kľuči *kľučǫ*kľučiši*kľučitь
Dual *kľučixově*kľučista*kľučiste *kľučivě*kľučita*kľučite
Plural *kľučixomъ*kľučiste*kľučišę *kľučimъ*kľučite*kľučętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *kľučaaxъ*kľučaaše*kľučaaše —*kľuči*kľuči
Dual *kľučaaxově*kľučaašeta*kľučaašete *kľučivě*kľučita—
Plural *kľučaaxomъ*kľučaašete*kľučaaxǫ *kľučimъ*kľučite—
    Notes:
  • (*)*kľučivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Descendants
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic: ключити (ključiti)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Latin script: kljùčiti, kljȕčiti
      Cyrillic script: кљу̀чити, кљу̏чити
    • Slovene: kljúčiti (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: kľúčiti[4]
      • Czech: klíčiti (“to deject”) (rare)[5]
    • Kashubian: klëczëc
    • Polish: zakluczyć, odkluczyć
    • Slovak: kľučati
    • Slovincian: klëčëc

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kļučiti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 226: “v. ‘lock’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “ključiti: ključjǫ ključitь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c låse (PR 140)”
  3. Snoj, Marko (2016), “kljúčiti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*kl'űčiti”
  4. Jan Gebauer (1903–1916), “kľúčiti”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
  5. klíčiti in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
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