< Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic

Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/pa

This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Japonic

Particle

*pa

  1. topic marker
Descendants
  • Old Japanese: は (pa)
    • Japanese: は (wa)
  • Proto-Ryukyuan: *wa
    • Northern Ryukyuan:
      • Kikai: や (ya)
      • Kunigami: や (ya)
      • Northern Amami-Oshima: や (ya)
      • Okinawan: や (ya)
      • Oki-No-Erabu: は (wa)
      • Southern Amami-Oshima: や (ya)
      • Toku-No-Shima: や (ya)
      • Yoron: や (ya)
    • Southern Ryukyuan:
      • Miyako: あ (a)
      • Yaeyama: あ (a)
      • Yonaguni: や (ya), あ (a)

Etymology 2

Possibly also related to *pa (“tooth; blade”), but the pitch accents do not match. Compare English blade.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /pâ/

Accent class 1.2.

Noun

*pa

  1. leaf
Descendants
  • Old Japanese: 葉 (pa)
    • Japanese: 葉 (ha)
  • Proto-Ryukyuan: *pa
    • Northern Ryukyuan:
      • Kikai: 葉 (pā)
      • Kunigami: 葉 (phā)
      • Northern Amami-Oshima: 葉 (ha)
      • Okinawan: 葉 (fā)
      • Oki-No-Erabu: 葉 (fā)
      • Southern Amami-Oshima: 葉 (hā, fā)
      • Toku-No-Shima: 葉 (ha, hā)
      • Yoron: 葉 (pā)
    • Southern Ryukyuan:
      • Miyako: 葉 (pā)
      • Yaeyama: 葉 (pā)
      • Yonaguni: 葉 (hā)

Etymology 3

Cognate with *pa (“blade”).[1][2] Possibly also related to *pa (“leaf”), but the pitch accents do not match. Compare English blade (from Old English blæd (“leaf”)).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /pǎ/

Accent class 1.3.

Noun

*pa

  1. tooth
Descendants
  • Old Japanese: 歯 (pa)
    • Japanese: 歯 (ha)
  • Proto-Ryukyuan: *pa
    • Northern Ryukyuan:
      • Kikai: 歯 (pā)
      • Kunigami: 歯 (phā)
      • Northern Amami-Oshima: 歯 (hā)
      • Okinawan: 歯 (hā)
      • Oki-No-Erabu: 歯 (hā)
      • Southern Amami-Oshima: 歯 (hā, fā)
      • Toku-No-Shima: 歯 (hā)
      • Yoron: 歯 (pā)
    • Southern Ryukyuan:
      • Miyako: 歯 (pā)
      • Yaeyama: 歯 (pā)
      • Yonaguni: 歯 (hā)

Etymology 4

Cognate with *pa (“tooth”).[1][2] Possibly also related to *pa (“leaf”), but the pitch accents do not match. Compare English blade (from Old English blæd (“leaf”)).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /pǎ/

Accent class 1.3.

Noun

*pa

  1. blade
Descendants
  • Old Japanese: 刃 (pa)
    • Japanese: 刃 (ha)

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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