< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/twīflijaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈtwiː.ɸli.ja.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *twīflijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *twīflijō | *twīflijaų | — | *twīflijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *twīflīsi | *twīflijais | *twīflī | *twīflijasai | *twīflijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *twīflīþi | *twīflijai | *twīflijaþau | *twīflijaþai | *twīflijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *twīflijōs | *twīflijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *twīflijaþiz | *twīflijaiþiz | *twīflijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *twīflijamaz | *twīflijaim | — | *twīflijanþai | *twīflijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *twīflīþ | *twīflijaiþ | *twīflīþ | *twīflijanþai | *twīflijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *twīflijanþi | *twīflijain | *twīflijanþau | *twīflijanþai | *twīflijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *twīflidǭ | *twīflidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *twīflidēz | *twīflidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *twīflidē | *twīflidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *twīflidēdū | *twīflidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *twīflidēdudiz | *twīflidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *twīflidēdum | *twīflidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *twīflidēdud | *twīflidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *twīflidēdun | *twīflidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *twīflijandz | *twīflidaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *twīflijan
- Gothic: 𐍄𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍆𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (tweifljan)
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*twīflijanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 414
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