< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rinnaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Most likely from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ri-né-H-ti (“to undulate, churn”) (nasal-infix present), a form supported by cognates Sanskrit रिणाति (rinā́ti, “to make turbulent, cause to flow”), Ancient Greek ὀρί̄νω (orí̄nō, “to churn up”), and Russian ри́нуться (rínutʹsja, “to rush”).[1]

Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *h₃r̥-néw-ti (“to flow, move, run”).[2][3][4][5]

Cognates outside Germanic include Middle Irish rian (“river, way”), Proto-Slavic *rěka (“river”), Latin rivus (“stream”), Sanskrit ऋति (ṛti, “course, way”), and Gaulish Rēnos (“that which flows”), which is the source of the name of the river Rhine.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈrin.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

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  1. to run, to rush (move quickly)
  2. (of liquid) to flow

Inflection
Conjugation of *rinnaną (strong class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *rinnō*rinnaų—*rinnai ?
2nd singular *rinnizi*rinnaiz*rinn*rinnazai*rinnaizau
3rd singular *rinnidi*rinnai*rinnadau*rinnadai*rinnaidau
1st dual *rinnōz*rinnaiw———
2nd dual *rinnadiz*rinnaidiz*rinnadiz——
1st plural *rinnamaz*rinnaim—*rinnandai*rinnaindau
2nd plural *rinnid*rinnaid*rinnid*rinnandai*rinnaindau
3rd plural *rinnandi*rinnain*rinnandau*rinnandai*rinnaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *rann*runnį̄
2nd singular *rannt*runnīz
3rd singular *rann*runnī
1st dual *runnū*runnīw
2nd dual *runnudiz*runnīdiz
1st plural *runnum*runnīm
2nd plural *runnud*runnīd
3rd plural *runnun*runnīn
present past
participles *rinnandz*runnanaz

Derived terms

Descendants

Many of these descendants have taken the present stem ren- from the causative.

References
  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₃rei̯H-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 305-6
  2. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*rinnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 413-414
  3. Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*rennanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 302
  4. Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 242
  5. Seebold, Elmar (1970), “RENN-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, pages 375-77
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