馬鹿

See also: 马鹿

Chinese

horse(s) deer
trad. (馬鹿) 鹿
simp. (马鹿) 鹿

Pronunciation


Noun

馬鹿

  1. horse and deer
  2. red deer

Derived terms

See also

Japanese

Kanji in this term
鹿

Grade: 2
(ateji)

Grade: 4
(ateji)
kan’on kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
莫迦

Etymology

Probably originally a transcription of Sanskrit मोह (moha, folly), used as a slang term among monks.[1][2][3]

Alternatively, may have arisen from the same root as Old Japanese (woko, modern oko, stupidity, ridiculousness). However, this theory is problematic phonologically, as the /b//w/ shift is difficult to explain.

The characters 馬鹿 (literally horse + deer) are atejis, probably chosen as an allusion to Literary Chinese 指鹿為馬 (to deliberately misinterpret and invert right and wrong, literally to point to a deer and call it a horse).

Pronunciation

Adjective

()鹿() • (baka) -na (adnominal ()鹿() (baka na), adverbial ()鹿() (baka ni))

  1. foolish, idiotic, stupid, ridiculous
    馬鹿(ばか)ことちゃったな。
    Baka na koto shichatta na.
    I did something stupid.
    馬鹿(ばか)こと()な。
    Baka na koto o iu-na.
    Don't be silly. Don't say such stupid things.
  2. useless, futile

Inflection

Noun

()鹿() • (baka) 

  1. a fool, an idiot
    ラブソングだと(おも)った(ぼく)馬鹿(ばか)だった
    rabu songu da to omotta boku ga baka datta
    I was foolish to think this was a love song
    • 2008 April 20 [2008 March 31], Hidekaz Himaruya, “Meeting of the World”, in Axis Powers ヘタリア, 3rd edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Gentosha, →ISBN:
      (おれ)反対(はんたい)だ!そんな現実味(げんじつみ)のない案賛成(あんさんせい)できるか!それとlearnedって()うな!(なん)だよlearnedってlearntだバカ
      Ore wa hantai da! Sonna genjitsumi no nai an sansei dekiru ka! Sore to learned tte iu na! Nan da yo learned tte learnt da baka!
      I disagree! Who would approve such a nonsensical idea⁉ And stop saying ‘learned’! It’s ‘learnt’, not ‘learned’, you fool!
    • 2006 November 7, Hideaki Sorachi, “(だい)百二十七(くん) クーラーはタイマーで()れるようにしてから()ないと風邪(かぜ)ひくよ”, in (ぎん)(たま), volume 15 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
      なんでよりによって
      Nan de yori ni yotte
      But why her of all people
      バカはカゼひかないって()
      Baka wa kaze hikanai tte i…
      They say idiots never get colds, ri…
  2. uselessness, futility
  3. a tool used for counting coins

Usage notes

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Chinese: 八嘎 (bāga)
  • English: baka
  • Korean: 빠가 (ppaga)

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1998, 広辞苑 (Kōjien), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  5. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Further reading

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