罽賓

Chinese

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Etymology

Unclear. Attested in the Book of Han (written c. 2nd century, referring to 1st century BCE events) as the name of a state or geographic region. Pulleyblank (1999) suggests connection with Kashmir. Later attestation in the Chinese Buddhist canon may refer to the same or a different lexical or geographic identity, for which Soothill and Hodous (1937) connect to Sanskrit कुभा (kubhā), Ancient Greek Κωφήν (Kōphḗn) (cf. Cophen, Kabul) while also mentioning the Han-era name's possible connection with Kashmir.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Jìbīn

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ ㄅㄧㄣ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Jìbīn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ ㄅㄧㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Jìbin
  - Wade–Giles: Chi⁴-pin¹
  - Yale: Jì-bīn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jihbin
  - Palladius: Цзибинь (Czibinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹ pin⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: kjejH pjin

Rime
Character	罽	賓
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	祭 (37)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	居例切	必鄰切
Baxter	kjejH	pjin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiᴇi^H/	/piɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚiɛi^H/	/pin/
Shao Rongfen	/kiæi^H/	/pjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kjiaj^H/	/pin/
Li Rong	/kjɛi^H/	/piĕn/
Wang Li	/kĭɛi^H/	/pĭĕn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ɛi^H/	/pi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jì	bīn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gai³	ban¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k](r)[a][t]-s pi[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*krads mpin/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	罽	賓
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jì	bīn
Middle Chinese	‹ kjej^H ›	‹ pjin ›
Old Chinese	/*[k](r)[a][t]-s/	/*pi[n]/
English	a kind of woolen fabric	guest
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	罽	賓
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	5856	837
Phonetic component	罽	賓
Rime group	祭	眞
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	猘	賔
Old Chinese	/*krads/	/*mpin/
Notes		金文不從丏聲

Proper noun

罽賓

(historical) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
1. Kashmir
2. Kabul (the river and the geographic region nearby)
3. Capisa

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