柱

柱 U+67F1, 柱
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67F1
← 柰
[U+67F0] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 柲 →
[U+67F2]

Translingual
Stroke order
Japan

Han character

柱 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木卜土 (DYG), four-corner 40914, composition ⿰木主)

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 520, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14660
  • Dae Jaweon: page 908, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1188, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+67F1

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 柱

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (主) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
飳 *tʰoːʔ
妵 *tʰoːʔ
黈 *tʰoːʔ
蘣 *tʰoːʔ
罜 *doːɡ, *tjos
拄 *toʔ
柱 *toʔ, *doʔ
駐 *tos
註 *tos, *tjos
鉒 *tos
軴 *tos
住 *tos, *dos
跓 *doʔ
嵀 *doʔ
主 *tjoʔ
麈 *tjoʔ
宔 *tjoʔ
炷 *tjoʔ, *tjos
注 *tjos
疰 *tjos
蛀 *tjos
霔 *tjos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toʔ, *doʔ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 主 (OC *tjoʔ).

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *duːŋ (“post; column”) (STEDT). Cognate with 拄 (OC *toʔ, “to support”), as well as Proto-Kuki-Chin *tuŋ-I, *tun-II (“to erect; post; vertical”), Proto-Central Naga *tuŋ (“stem; trunk; post; tree”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • tiū - vernacular;
  • cṳ̀ - literary.
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: têu / cê̤ṳ
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tʰiɛu²⁴²/, /t͡søy²⁴²/
Note:
  • têu - vernacular;
  • cê̤ṳ - literary.
Note:
  • thiāu/thiǎu - vernacular;
  • tū/tǔ, chū/chǔ - literary.
Note:
  • tiao6 - Shantou;
  • tiou6 - Chaozhou.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wugniu: 6zy
      • Wiktionary Romanisation: 3zr
      • Sinological IPA (key): /zz̩²³/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: jy5 / jy4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy²¹/, /t͡ɕy⁴⁵/
Note:
  • jy5 - vernacular;
  • jy4 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 柱
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂu⁵³/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂu⁵³/
/t͡su⁵³/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂu²¹/
Qingdao /tʃu⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂu³¹²/
Xi'an /p͡fu⁴⁴/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂv̩²¹³/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂu¹³/
Lanzhou /p͡fu¹³/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂu²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕy³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡su¹³/
Guiyang /t͡su²¹³/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂu²¹²/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂu⁴⁴/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂu⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡su⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡sz̩ʷ³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡su⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /zz̩²³/
Suzhou /zz̩ʷ³¹/
Hangzhou /d͡zz̩ʷ¹³/
Wenzhou /d͡zz̩³⁵/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
/t͡ɕy¹¹/
Xiangtan /d͡ʑy²¹/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰy²¹/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰu⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /tʃʰu²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰy²³/
Nanning /t͡sʰy²⁴/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰy¹³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡su²²/
/tʰiau²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /tʰiɛu²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /tʰiu⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /tʰiau³⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /tu³³/
/hiau³³/
Rime
Character 柱
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 直主切
Baxter drjuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɖɨoX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɖioX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȡioX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɖuə̆X/
Li
Rong		 /ȡioX/
Wang
Li		 /ȡĭuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȡʱi̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zyu6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 柱
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zhù
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ drjuX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*m-t<r>oʔ/
English pillar

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 柱
Reading # 2/2
No. 17614
Phonetic
component		 主
Rime
group		 侯
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 柱
Old
Chinese		 /*doʔ/

Definitions

柱

  1. pillar; post; column (Classifier: 條／条 c)
  2. column-shaped thing
  3. (music) bridge (on a string instrument, such as a guzheng)
  4. (Hong Kong Cantonese) flats of the same layout on different floors
  5. † to stand tall and erect
  6. † stiff
  7. a surname
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 柱子 (“pillar; column”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 柱子
Mandarin Beijing 柱子
Taiwan 柱子
Harbin 柱子
Yantai (Muping) 柱子
Jinan 柱子
Luoyang 柱子
Wanrong 柱腳
Zhengzhou 頂樑柱
Xi'an 柱子
Yinchuan 柱子
Lanzhou 柱子
Xining 柱子
Ürümqi 柱子
Wuhan 柱頭
Chengdu 柱頭, 柱子
Guiyang 柱子
Guilin 柱子
Liuzhou 柱子
Xuzhou 柱子
Yangzhou 柱子
Nanjing 柱子
Hefei 柱子
Singapore 柱
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 柱子
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 柱子
Cantonese Guangzhou 柱
Hong Kong 柱, 柱頭 construction
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 柱
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 柱
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 柱
Kaiping (Chikan) 柱
Dongguan 柱
Yangjiang 柱
Nanning 柱
Wuzhou 柱
Yulin 柱
Hepu (Lianzhou) 柱, 磚柱
Danzhou 棟
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 柱頭
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 柱
Gan Nanchang 柱頭
Lichuan 柱頭
Pingxiang 屋柱
Hakka Meixian 柱仔, 柱⿰石頓
Dongguan (Qingxi) 柱
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 柱⿰石頓
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 柱哩
Wuhua (Huacheng) 柱哩, 柱⿰石頓
Wuhua (Changbu) 柱哩
Wuhua (Mianyang) 柱頭
Heyuan (Bendihua) 柱
Liannan 柱
Jiexi 柱
Changting 屋柱
Ninghua 屋柱
Hong Kong 柱
Luchuan 柱
Luchuan (Daqiao) 磚柱
Sabah (Longchuan) 柱仔, 柱頭
Singkawang 柱頭
Huizhou Jixi 柱, 屋柱, 柱腳
Jin Taiyuan 柱子
Xinzhou 柱子
Hohhot 柱子
Min Bei Jian'ou 柱
Songxi 柱
Jianyang 柱
Min Dong Fuzhou 柱
Fuqing 柱
Gutian 柱
Ningde 柱
Zhouning 柱
Fuding 柱
Min Nan Xiamen 柱, 柱仔
Quanzhou 柱, 柱仔
Yongchun 柱
Zhangzhou 柱, 柱仔
Dongshan 柱
Taipei 柱
New Taipei (Sanxia) 柱仔
Kaohsiung 柱仔
Yilan 柱仔
Taichung 柱仔
Tainan 柱
Hsinchu 柱仔
Kinmen 柱
Penghu (Magong) 柱
Longyan 柱
Datian 柱
Chaozhou 柱
Shantou 柱
Bangkok (Teochew) 柱
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 柱
Leizhou 柱
Wenchang 柱
Haikou 柱
Puxian Min Putian 柱
Min Zhong Yong'an 柱
Shaxian 柱
Zhongshan Min Sanxiang 柱, 稜柱
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 柱蔸, 柱頭
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 柱
Shehua Fu'an 樹棟
Fuding 棟
Luoyuan 棟
Sanming 棟
Shunchang 樹棟
Hua'an 柱
Guixi (Zhangping) 樹棟
Cangnan 樑棟
Jingning 樹棟
Lishui 樹棟
Longyou 樹棟
Chaozhou 柱
Fengshun 柱
Wu Shanghai 柱子, 柱, 柱頭 dated
Shanghai (Chongming) 柱頭
Suzhou 庭柱
Wuxi 柱, 柱子
Danyang 柱棵, 柱子
Hangzhou 柱子, 房柱, 庭柱
Ningbo 柱子, 屋柱
Wenzhou 棟柱, 柱
Jinhua 柱, 屋柱
Jinhua (Tangxi) 屋柱
Xiang Changsha 柱子, 傘柱
Xiangtan 傘柱
Loudi 傘柱
Shuangfeng 柱子, 傘柱
Quanzhou 柱頭

Compounds
  • 一拳柱定
  • 一柱
  • 一柱承天
  • 一柱擎天
  • 一柱觀／一柱观
  • 三柱
  • 上柱國／上柱国
  • 三柱里
  • 三角柱 (sānjiǎozhù)
  • 世柱國／世柱国
  • 中流底柱
  • 中流砥柱 (zhōngliúdǐzhù)
  • 丹柱
  • 乳柱
  • 井柱狀圖／井柱状图
  • 五行四柱
  • 交午柱
  • 仙人柱
  • 促柱
  • 倚柱
  • 偷梁換柱／偷梁换柱 (tōuliánghuànzhù)
  • 傾柱／倾柱
  • 光柱
  • 光柱子
  • 兩柱錢／两柱钱
  • 八柱
  • 八柱國／八柱国
  • 六合柱
  • 冰柱 (bīngzhù)
  • 冰溜柱
  • 冰絃玉柱／冰弦玉柱
  • 刹柱
  • 剎柱／刹柱
  • 危柱
  • 厎柱
  • 合柱
  • 周柱下
  • 周柱史
  • 品柱 (pǐnzhù)
  • 四柱
  • 四柱冊／四柱册
  • 圓柱／圆柱 (yuánzhù)
  • 圓柱體／圆柱体 (yuánzhùtǐ)
  • 地柱
  • 埋杆豎柱／埋杆竖柱
  • 埋輪破柱／埋轮破柱
  • 大柱史
  • 天柱
  • 寶柱／宝柱
  • 將軍柱／将军柱
  • 尾生抱柱
  • 帆柱 (fānzhù)
  • 幕柱
  • 底柱 (dǐzhù)
  • 庭柱 (tíngzhù)
  • 弦柱
  • 強自取柱／强自取柱
  • 影柱
  • 戧柱／戗柱
  • 抱柱
  • 抱柱信
  • 抱柱對／抱柱对
  • 抽梁換柱／抽梁换柱
  • 掛柱／挂柱
  • 搘柱
  • 摶柱乘梁／抟柱乘梁
  • 撫梁易柱／抚梁易柱
  • 撑腸柱腹／撑肠柱腹
  • 擎天之柱
  • 擎天柱
  • 擎天玉柱
  • 擊柱／击柱
  • 攀尾柱
  • 支柱 (zhīzhù)
  • 改柱張絃／改柱张弦
  • 改梁換柱／改梁换柱
  • 文深之柱
  • 晷柱
  • 景柱
  • 望柱
  • 束椽為柱／束椽为柱
  • 枝柱
  • 柱下
  • 柱下史
  • 柱卷
  • 柱史
  • 柱國／柱国
  • 柱壯／柱壮
  • 柱夫
  • 柱子 (zhùzi, “column, pillar”)
  • 柱小傾大／柱小倾大
  • 柱州
  • 柱工
  • 柱帖
  • 柱幹／柱干
  • 柱廊
  • 柱後／柱后
  • 柱後史／柱后史
  • 柱後惠文／柱后惠文
  • 柱徹／柱彻
  • 柱斧
  • 柱根
  • 柱桷
  • 柱梁
  • 柱棟／柱栋
  • 柱楣
  • 柱極／柱极
  • 柱然
  • 柱石 (zhùshí)
  • 柱石之寄
  • 柱石之臣
  • 柱石臣
  • 柱礎／柱础
  • 柱科
  • 柱腳／柱脚
  • 柱臣
  • 柱衣
  • 柱質／柱质
  • 柱頂石／柱顶石
  • 柱頭／柱头 (zhùtóu)
  • 梁柱 (liángzhù)
  • 梓柱
  • 楯柱
  • 椽柱
  • 楹柱
  • 楗柱
  • 榰柱
  • 樘柱
  • 標柱／标柱
  • 樁柱／桩柱 (zhuāngzhù)
  • 檐柱 (yánzhù)
  • 欑柱／𪴙柱
  • 水柱 (shuǐzhù)
  • 水銀柱／水银柱 (shuǐyínzhù)
  • 江柱
  • 江珧柱 (jiāngyáozhù)
  • 江瑤柱／江瑶柱 (jiāngyáozhù)
  • 沙柱
  • 浮柱
  • 海柱
  • 海蝕柱／海蚀柱
  • 溪州銅柱／溪州铜柱
  • 滉柱
  • 火柱
  • 煙柱／烟柱 (yānzhù)
  • 玉柱
  • 玉柱擎天
  • 玫柱
  • 玫瑰柱
  • 珠柱
  • 琴柱
  • 瑤柱／瑶柱
  • 瓊柱／琼柱
  • 疏柱
  • 百達柱／百达柱
  • 盾柱 (dùnzhù)
  • 短柱體／短柱体
  • 石柱 (shízhù)
  • 砥柱 (dǐzhù)
  • 破柱
  • 砥柱中流
  • 破柱求姦／破柱求奸
  • 礎柱／础柱
  • 礦柱／矿柱
  • 秦柱
  • 稜柱體／棱柱体 (léngzhùtǐ)
  • 筆柱／笔柱
  • 箏柱／筝柱
  • 絞柱／绞柱
  • 綠柱玉／绿柱玉
  • 綠柱石／绿柱石 (lǜzhùshí)
  • 翦屏柱楣
  • 肉柱
  • 脊柱 (jǐzhù)
  • 膏柱
  • 膠柱／胶柱
  • 膠柱調瑟／胶柱调瑟
  • 膠柱鼓瑟／胶柱鼓瑟 (jiāozhùgǔsè)
  • 臺柱／台柱 (táizhù)
  • 花柱
  • 虯柱／虬柱
  • 蛤柱
  • 螭頭柱／螭头柱
  • 角柱 (jiǎozhù)
  • 豎柱上梁／竖柱上梁
  • 貝柱／贝柱
  • 財柱／财柱
  • 躉柱／趸柱
  • 都柱
  • 金柱
  • 金雞柱／金鸡柱
  • 銅柱／铜柱
  • 鐵柱／铁柱
  • 鐵柱宮／铁柱宫
  • 鑿柱取書／凿柱取书
  • 雁柱
  • 雕柱
  • 雕梁畫柱／雕梁画柱
  • 雙柱／双柱
  • 電柱／电柱
  • 電燈柱／电灯柱 (diàndēngzhù)
  • 露柱
  • 音柱 (yīnzhù)
  • 頂柱子／顶柱子
  • 頂梁柱／顶梁柱 (dǐngliángzhù)
  • 題柱／题柱
  • 題柱客／题柱客
  • 題柱志／题柱志
  • 題橋柱／题桥柱
  • 題漢柱／题汉柱
  • 飛柱／飞柱
  • 馬援柱／马援柱
  • 馬柱／马柱
  • 馬甲柱／马甲柱
  • 鳳凰柱／凤凰柱
  • 鳳絲雁柱／凤丝雁柱
  • 鵾柱／鹍柱
  • 鶴柱／鹤柱
  • 鼇柱／鳌柱
  • 鼻柱
  • 鼻無梁柱／鼻无梁柱

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “same word as 拄?”)

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 柱
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 知 (9)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 知庾切
Baxter trjuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʈɨoX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʈioX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȶioX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʈuə̆X/
Li
Rong		 /ȶioX/
Wang
Li		 /ȶĭuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȶi̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zyu2
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 柱
Reading # 1/2
No. 17608
Phonetic
component		 主
Rime
group		 侯
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 拄
Old
Chinese		 /*toʔ/

Definitions

柱

  1. † to support; to lean on
  2. † to block; to obstruct

Compounds
  • 功均柱地
  • 撐天柱地／撑天柱地
  • 柱地
  • 柱天
  • 柱天踏地
  • 柱持
  • 柱杖

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 柱
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 知 (9)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 知庾切
Baxter trjuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʈɨoX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʈioX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȶioX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʈuə̆X/
Li
Rong		 /ȶioX/
Wang
Li		 /ȶĭuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȶi̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zyu2
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 柱
Reading # 1/2
No. 17608
Phonetic
component		 主
Rime
group		 侯
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 拄
Old
Chinese		 /*toʔ/

Definitions

柱

  1. Only used in 柱夫.

Japanese
Shinjitai 柱
Kyūjitai
[1][2][3]
柱󠄁
柱+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
柱󠄃
柱+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji
柱

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. pillar
  2. (geometry) prism, cylinder

Readings

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
柱
はしら
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pasira or *parira. Cognate with Okinawan 柱 (hāya).

Pronunciation

Noun

柱(はしら) • (hashira) 

  1. pillar
Derived terms

Counter

柱(はしら) • (-hashira) 

  1. gods, spirits, worshipped entity.
  2. spirit tablets, cremation remains.

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
柱
ちゅう
Grade: 3
kan’on

Suffix

柱(ちゅう) • (-chū) ←ちゆう (tyuu)?

  1. (geometry) prism, cylinder
Derived terms

References
  1. 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014), “柱”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎ (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
  2. 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1122 (paper), page 612 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
  3. 1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 677 (paper), page 351 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)
  4. 2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 柱 (MC drjuX). Recorded as Middle Korean 듀〮 (tyú) (Yale: tyu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 柱 (eumhun 기둥 주 (gidung ju))

  1. Hanja form? of 주 (“pillar”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

柱: Hán Nôm readings: trụ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.