寒暖

Chinese

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Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hánnuǎn

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˊ ㄋㄨㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hon⁴ nyun⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hánnuǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˊ ㄋㄨㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hánnuǎn
  - Wade–Giles: han²-nuan³
  - Yale: hán-nwǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: harnnoan
  - Palladius: ханьнуань (xanʹnuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän³⁵ nu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hon⁴ nyun⁵
  - Yale: hòhn nyúhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hon⁴ nyn⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: hon⁴ nün⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːn²¹ nyːn¹³/

Middle Chinese: han nwanX

Rime
Character	寒	暖
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	胡安切	乃管切
Baxter	han	nwanX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑn/	/nuɑn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑn/	/nʷɑn^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑn/	/nuɑn^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦan/	/nwan^X/
Li Rong	/ɣɑn/	/nuɑn^X/
Wang Li	/ɣɑn/	/nuɑn^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɑn/	/nuɑn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hán	nuǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hon⁴	nyun⁵

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːn noːnʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	寒
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hán
Middle Chinese	‹ han ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.[ɡ]ˁa[n]/
English	cold
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	寒	暖
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	4870	16157
Phonetic component	寒	爰
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	1	3
Corresponding MC rime	寒	煗
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːn/	/*noːnʔ/
Notes		煖分化字見墨子訓讀同煗

Noun

寒暖

coldness and warmness (especially of weather); changes in temperature
(figurative) daily life; living conditions

Derived terms

寒暖色

See also

冷暖 (lěngnuǎn)
寒暑 (hánshǔ)
寒暄 (hánxuān)

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