孤兒

See also: 孤儿 and 孤児

Chinese

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): gū'ér

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄦˊ

(Chengdu, SP): gu¹ er²
Cantonese (Jyutping): gu¹ ji⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): gu¹ eo⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kû-yì
Jin (Wiktionary): gu¹ er¹
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): ko͘-jî / ko͘-lî

(Teochew, Peng'im): gou¹ ri⁵ / gu¹ ri⁵
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gu¹ e²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gū'ér
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄦˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gu-ér
  - Wade–Giles: ku¹-êrh²
  - Yale: gū-ér
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guerl
  - Palladius: гуэр (guer)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: gu¹ er²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gur
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵⁵ ɚ²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gu¹ ji⁴
  - Yale: gū yìh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gu¹ ji⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: gu¹ yi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuː⁵⁵ jiː²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: gu¹ eo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁴² ɵ³⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kû-yì
  - Hakka Romanization System: gu´ iˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gu¹ yi²
  - Sinological IPA: /ku²⁴ i¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kû-yì
  - Hakka Romanization System: gu´ (r)iˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gu¹ yi²
  - Sinological IPA: /ku²⁴ (j)i¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: gu¹ er¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ku¹¹ əɻ¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘-jî
  - Tâi-lô: koo-jî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kojii
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ ʑi²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² d͡ʑi¹³/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘-lî
  - Tâi-lô: koo-lî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kolii
  - IPA (Taipei): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ li²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ³³ li²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² li²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gou¹ ri⁵ / gu¹ ri⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kou jî / ku jî
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kou³³⁻²³ d͡ʑi⁵⁵/, /ku³³⁻²³ d͡ʑi⁵⁵/

Note: gu1 ri5 - Chiang Mai, Hat Yai.

Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: gu¹ e²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku³³ ɤ̞¹³/

Middle Chinese: ku nye

Rime
Character	孤	兒
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	古胡切	汝移切
Baxter	ku	nye
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuo/	/ȵiᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/kuo/	/ȵiɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/ko/	/ȵʑjɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɔ/	/ȵiə̆/
Li Rong	/ko/	/ȵie/
Wang Li	/ku/	/ȵʑǐe/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuo/	/ȵʑie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gū	ér
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gu¹	ji⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷˤa ŋe/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʷaː ŋje/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	孤	兒
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gū	ér
Middle Chinese	‹ ku ›	‹ nye ›
Old Chinese	/*kʷˁa/	/*ŋe/
English	orphan	child
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	孤	兒
Reading #	1/1	2/2
No.	4347	2757
Phonetic component	瓜	兒
Rime group	魚	支
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	孤	兒
Old Chinese	/*kʷaː/	/*ŋje/

Noun

孤兒

orphan

Synonyms

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Derived terms

事實孤兒／事实孤儿
孤兒仔／孤儿仔
孤兒作品／孤儿作品 (gū'ér zuòpǐn)
孤兒院／孤儿院 (gū'éryuàn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (孤兒):

→ Japanese: 孤(こ)児(じ) (koji)
→ Korean: 고아(孤兒) (goa)
→ Vietnamese: cô nhi (Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value))

Japanese

Kanji in this term
孤	兒
こ Grade: S	じ Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 孤兒 – see the following entry.

【孤児こじ】	[noun] an orphan
【孤児みなしご】	[noun] an orphan Alternative spellings みなし児, 身無し子

(This term, 孤兒, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
孤	兒

Noun

孤兒 • (goa) (hangeul 고아)

Hanja form^? of 고아 (“orphan”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
孤	兒

Noun

孤兒

chữ Hán form of cô nhi (“orphan”).

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