گل

See also: كل‎ and کل‎

Bakhtiari

Alternative forms

یل‎ (yel), ل‎ (el)

Etymology

Cognate with Southern Kurdish گل‎ (gil), Southwestern Fars گل, Persian ‎.

Suffix

گل (gel)

A suffix forming the plural of an animate noun.
‏‎
korgel meīne howne bīn
The boys were in the house

Khalaj

Noun

گُل (gul) (definite accusative گُلوُ‎, plural گُللار‎)

Arabic spelling of gul (“flower”)

Declension

Declension of گل‎

	singular	plural
nominative	گل‎	گللار‎
genitive	گلؽݧ‎	گللارؽݧ‎
dative	گلقا‎	گللارقا‎
definite accusative	گلؽ‎	گللارؽ‎
locative	گلچا‎	گللارچا‎
ablative	گلدا‎	گللاردا‎
instrumental	گللا‎	گللارلا‎
equative	گلوارا‎	گللاروارا‎

Laki

Noun

گل (gil)

flower

Mazanderani

Etymology 1

Cognate to Classical Persian ‎ (garza, “rat”).

Noun

گل (gal)

mouse

Etymology 2

From Persian ‎ (gol). Displaced native Old Mazanderani ول‎ (*vel).

Noun

گل (gël)

flower

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

كل‎

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian ‎ (gul), from late Middle Persian gwl (gul), from Old Persian *vr̥dah.

Noun

گل • (gül)

rose

Derived terms

گلگون‎ (gülgün)
كلكلی‎ (gülgüli)

Descendants

Turkish: gül
→ Armenian: կիւլ (kiwl), գյուլ (gyul)
→ Macedonian: ѓул (ǵul)
→ Serbo-Croatian: ђул／đul
→ Albanian: gjylë

References

Kélékian, Diran (1911), “كل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1032
Redhouse, James W. (1890), “كل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1559

Persian

FWOTD – 4 August 2019

Etymology 1

گل

From late Middle Persian gwl (gul, “rose, flower”), from Old Persian *vr̥dah.

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɡul]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡʊl]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ɡʊl]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ɡul̥]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡ̥ol̥]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡul]

Readings
Classical reading^?	gul
Dari reading^?	gul
Iranian reading^?	gol
Tajik reading^?	gul

Noun


Iranian Persian	گُل‎
Dari	گُل‎
Tajik	гул

گل • (gol) (plural گُل‌ها‎)

(archaic, literary) rose
- 940-1020, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
  ‏‎
  zan-i šêr az ân nâma-i šahryâr
  ču raxšanda-gul šud ba vaqt-i bahâr
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 1325–1389, Hafez, Divan
  ‏‎
  classical persian: subhdam murğ-i sahar bâ gul-i naw-xâsta guft
  nâz kam kun ki dar în bâğ basê čun tu šikuft
  modern persian: subhdam morğ-e sahar bâ gol-e now-xâste goft
  nâz kam kon keh dar in bâğ basi čon to šekoft
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
flower
the core of a watermelon (which is the sweetest part)

Synonyms

(rose): گل سرخ‎ (gol-e sorx), رز‎ (roz)

Derived terms

ترگل‎ (targol)
نارگل‎ (nârgol)
نازگل‎ (nâzgol)
گل سرخ‎ (gol-e sorx)
گل و بلبل‎ (gol-o-bolbol)
گل کلم‎ (gol-e kalam)
گلاب‎ (golâb)
گلبرگ‎ (golbarg)
گلدان‎ (goldân)
گلزار‎ (golzâr)
گلستان‎ (golestân)
گلشن‎ (golšan)
گلپر‎ (golpar)
گلچه‎ (golče)
گلگون‎ (gol-gun)
گل‌کاری‎ (gol-kâri)
گل‌گلی‎ (gol-goli)

Descendants

→ Arabic: جُلّ‎ (jull)
→ Mandaic: ࡂࡅࡋ‎
→ Azerbaijani: gül
→ Bashkir: гөл (göl)
→ Bengali: গুল (gul)
→ Gujarati: ગુલ (gul)
→ Hindustani:
- Hindi: गुल (gul)
- Urdu: گل‎ (gul)
→ Kashmiri: गुल (gul)
→ Kazakh: гүл (gül)
→ Khalaj: gul
→ Kyrgyz: гүл (gül)
→ Ottoman Turkish: گل‎ (gül), كل‎
- Turkish: gül
- → Armenian: կիւլ (kiwl), գյուլ (gyul)
- → Macedonian: ѓул (ǵul)
- → Serbo-Croatian: ђул／đul
- → Albanian: gjylë
→ Pashto: ګل‎ (gul)
→ Punjabi: ਗੁਲ (gul) / گل‎ (gul)
→ Sindhi: گل‎ (gulu)
→ Turkmen: gül
→ Uyghur: گۈل‎ (gül)
→ Uzbek: gul

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian TYNA / gl (gil).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɡil]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡɪl]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ɡɪl]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ɡil̥]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡʲel̥]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡil]

Readings
Classical reading^?	gil
Dari reading^?	gil
Iranian reading^?	gel
Tajik reading^?	gil

Noun


Iranian Persian	گل‎
Dari	گل‎
Tajik	гил

گل • (gel) (plural گل‌ها‎ (gel-hâ))

Derived terms

کاه‌گلی‎ (kâh-geli)
کاه‌گل‎ (kâh-gel)
گل لگد کردن‎ (gel lagad kardan)
گل و لای‎ (gel-o-lây)
گلی‎ (geli)
گل‌آلود‎ (gel-âlud)
گل‌مالی‎ (gel-mâli)

Descendants

→ Gujarati: ગિલ (gil)

References

MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “gil”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 36

Etymology 3

Borrowed from English goal.

Pronunciation

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡ̥ol̥]

Readings


Iranian reading^?	gol

Noun


Dari	گول‎
Iranian Persian	گل‎
Tajik	гол

گل • (gol) (plural گل‌ها‎ (gol-hâ))

(chiefly Iran, sports) goal

Derived terms

پرگل‎ (por-gol)
گل خوردن‎ (gol xordan)
گل زدن‎ (gol zadan)
گل کوچیک‎ (gol kučik)
گل‌زن‎ (gol-zan)
گل‌نزن‎ (gol-nazan)

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡʊl]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ɡʊl]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ɡul̥]

Readings

Dari reading^?	gul

Adjective

گل • (gul) (Dari)

(dialectal, especially Hazaragi, Kabuli) off, disabled

Derived terms

گل کردن‎ (gul kardan, “to turn off”)

Punjabi

Proper noun

گل • (gill) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਗਿੱਲ)

a Punjabi surname, Gill

Noun

گل • (gaḷḷ) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਗਲ਼)

saying

Urdu

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit गल (gala).

Noun

گل • (gal) m (Hindi spelling गल)

Etymology 2

From Sanskrit गल् (gal).

Noun

گل • (gal) m (Hindi spelling गल)

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Classical Persian ‎ (gil).

Noun

گل • (gil) f (Hindi spelling गिल)

earth, mud, silt, clay
bole

Etymology 4

Borrowed from Classical Persian ‎ (gul).

Noun

گل • (gul) m (Hindi spelling गुल)

flower
rose

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