ضد

See also: صد‎

Arabic

Etymology

From the root ض د د‎ (ḍ-d-d). Likely related to Hebrew צד‎ (tsád).

Pronunciation 1
  • IPA(key): /dˤidd/

Noun

ضِدّ • (ḍidd) m (plural أَضْدَاد‎ (ʔaḍdād))

  1. opposite, contrast
    ‏اَلسَّوَادُ ضِدُّ الْبَيَاضِ‎
    as-sawādu ḍiddu l-bayāḍi
    The black is an opposite of the white.
  2. alike, equal, match, counterpart
    ‏لَيْسَ لَهُ ضِدٌّ فِي ٱجْتِهَادِهِ‎
    laysa lahu ḍiddun fī jtihādihi
    There is no equivalent to his diligence.
  3. (semantics) word with two opposite meanings; auto-antonym
  4. antonym
  5. adversary, opponent
  6. antitoxin, antidote, anti-
Declension
Declension of noun ضِدّ‎ (ḍidd)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal ضِدّ‎
ḍidd		 الضِّدّ‎
aḍ-ḍidd		 ضِدّ‎
ḍidd
Nominative ضِدٌّ‎
ḍiddun		 الضِّدُّ‎
aḍ-ḍiddu		 ضِدُّ‎
ḍiddu
Accusative ضِدًّا‎
ḍiddan		 الضِّدَّ‎
aḍ-ḍidda		 ضِدَّ‎
ḍidda
Genitive ضِدٍّ‎
ḍiddin		 الضِّدِّ‎
aḍ-ḍiddi		 ضِدِّ‎
ḍiddi
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal ضِدَّيْن‎
ḍiddayn		 الضِّدَّيْن‎
aḍ-ḍiddayn		 ضِدَّيْ‎
ḍidday
Nominative ضِدَّانِ‎
ḍiddāni		 الضِّدَّانِ‎
aḍ-ḍiddāni		 ضِدَّا‎
ḍiddā
Accusative ضِدَّيْنِ‎
ḍiddayni		 الضِّدَّيْنِ‎
aḍ-ḍiddayni		 ضِدَّيْ‎
ḍidday
Genitive ضِدَّيْنِ‎
ḍiddayni		 الضِّدَّيْنِ‎
aḍ-ḍiddayni		 ضِدَّيْ‎
ḍidday
Plural basic broken plural triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal أَضْدَاد‎
ʔaḍdād		 الْأَضْدَاد‎
al-ʔaḍdād		 أَضْدَاد‎
ʔaḍdād
Nominative أَضْدَادٌ‎
ʔaḍdādun		 الْأَضْدَادُ‎
al-ʔaḍdādu		 أَضْدَادُ‎
ʔaḍdādu
Accusative أَضْدَادًا‎
ʔaḍdādan		 الْأَضْدَادَ‎
al-ʔaḍdāda		 أَضْدَادَ‎
ʔaḍdāda
Genitive أَضْدَادٍ‎
ʔaḍdādin		 الْأَضْدَادِ‎
al-ʔaḍdādi		 أَضْدَادِ‎
ʔaḍdādi
Descendants
  • → Azerbaijani: zidd
  • → Crimean Tatar: zıt
  • → Karaim: зыт
  • → Krymchak: зыт
  • → Ottoman Turkish: ضد‎ (żıd, żıt)
    > Turkish: zıt (inherited)
  • → Tatar: зыт (zıt)
  • → Uyghur: زىت‎ (zit)
  • → Uzbek: zid

Pronunciation 2
  • IPA(key): /dˤid.da/
  • Audio(file)

Preposition

ضِدَّ • (ḍidda)

  1. against
Inflection
    Inflected forms
Base form ضِدَّ‎ (ḍidda)
Personal-pronoun-
including forms		 Singular Dual Plural
Masculine Feminine Common Masculine Feminine
First person ضِدِّي‎ (ḍiddī) ضِدَّنَا‎ (ḍiddanā)
Second person ضِدَّكَ‎ (ḍiddaka) ضِدَّكِ‎ (ḍiddaki) ضِدَّكُمَا‎ (ḍiddakumā) ضِدَّكُمْ‎ (ḍiddakum) ضِدَّكُنَّ‎ (ḍiddakunna)
Third person ضِدَّهُ‎ (ḍiddahu) ضِدَّهَا‎ (ḍiddahā) ضِدَّهُمَا‎ (ḍiddahumā) ضِدَّهُمْ‎ (ḍiddahum) ضِدَّهُنَّ‎ (ḍiddahunna)

Moroccan Arabic

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /dˤadd/

Etymology 1

From Arabic ضِدّ‎ (ḍidd).

Noun

ضد • (ḍadd) m (plural ضدود‎ (ḍdūd) or ضدودة‎ (ḍdūda))

  1. opposite, contrast
  2. antonym

Etymology 2

From Arabic ضِدَّ‎ (ḍidda).

Preposition

ضد • (ḍadd)

  1. against
Inflection
Inflected forms of ضد
Base form ضد‎ (ḍadd)
Personal-pronoun-
including forms		 singular plural
m f
1st person ضدي‎ (ḍaddi) ضدنا‎ (ḍaddna)
2nd person ضدك‎ (ḍaddak) ضدكي‎ (ḍaddki) ضدكم‎ (ḍaddkum)
3rd person ضده‎ (ḍaddu) ضدها‎ (ḍaddha) ضدهم‎ (ḍaddhum)

Persian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic ضِدّ‎ (ḍidd).

Pronunciation
 

Readings
Classical reading? ziḏ
Dari reading? zid
Iranian reading? zed
Tajik reading? zid

Adjective
Dari ضد‎
Iranian Persian
Tajik зид, зидд

ضد • (zedd)

  1. opposite
  2. contrary
  3. adversarial

Noun
Dari ضد‎
Iranian Persian
Tajik зид, зидд

ضد • (zedd)

  1. opposition
  2. adversary

=Descendants
  • → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਜਿਦ (jid)
    Shahmukhi script: ضد‎ (zid)

Etymology 2

From ضد‎ (zedd) + ezafe.

Pronunciation
 
  • (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [zɪ́d̪.d̪ɪ]
    • (Kabuli) IPA(key): [zɪ́d̪d̪ɪ]
    • (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [zíd̪d̪i]

Readings
Classical reading? ziḏḏ-i
Dari reading? zidd-i
Iranian reading? zedd-e
Tajik reading? zidd-i

Preposition
Dari ضد‎
Iranian Persian
Tajik зидди

ضد • (zedd-e)

  1. against

Prefix
Dari ضدـ‎
Iranian Persian
Tajik зидди-

ضدـ • (zedd-e-)

  1. anti-, counter-
    ‎ضدـ + ‎آب‎ (âb) → ‎ضدآب‎ (zedd-e-âb, “waterproof”)
    ‎ضدـ + ‎انقلاب‎ (enqelâb) → ‎ضدانقلاب‎ (zedd-e-enqelâb, “counter-revolutionary, counterrevolutionary”)
    ‎ضدـ + ‎تانک‎ (tânk) → ‎ضدتانک‎ (zedd-e-tânk, “anti-tank, antitank”)
    ‎ضدـ + ‎تروریسم‎ (terorism) → ‎ضدتروریسم‎ (zedd-e-terorism, “anti-terrorism, antiterrorism”)
    ‎ضدـ + ‎یخ‎ (yax) → ‎ضدیخ‎ (zedd-e-yax, “anti-freeze, antifreeze”)
Derived terms
Persian terms prefixed with ضد

South Levantine Arabic
Root
ض د د‎
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic ضِدّ‎ (ḍidd).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /dˤidd/, [dˤɪdˤ]
  • Audio (Ramallah)(file)

Preposition

ضدّ • (ḍidd)

  1. against

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian ضِدّ‎ (zidd), itself from Arabic ضِدّ‎ (ḍidd). Cognate with Punjabi ضِدّ‎ (ẓidd).

Pronunciation

Noun

ضِد • (zid) f (Hindi spelling ज़िद)

  1. stubbornness (connoted with ego; anger)
  2. (chiefly formal) contrary; opposite; antonym

Declension
Declension of ضد‎
singular plural
direct ضِدّ‎ (zidd) ضِدّیں‎ (ziddẽ)
oblique ضِدّ‎ (zidd) ضِدّوں‎ (ziddõ)
vocative ضِدّ‎ (zidd) ضِدّو‎ (ziddo)

Derived terms

Further reading
  • “ضد”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • “ضد”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English] (in English), Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “ضد”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
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