réud

Old Irish

Etymology

Derived somehow from Proto-Celtic *ɸreswos, from Proto-Indo-European *prews-. Cognate with English freeze and Latin pruina (“hoar-frost”). Matasović posits an immediate preform *ɸreswotos to account for the Goidelic forms, but it would result in **refud instead as the usual reflex of *-sw- in Old Irish is -f-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /r͈ʲeːu̯ð/

Noun

réud m

frost

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	réud	réud^L	ríuid^L
Vocative	ríuid	réud^L	réudu^H
Accusative	réud^N	réud^L	réudu^H
Genitive	ríuid^L	réud	réud^N
Dative	réud^L	réudaib	réudaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: ^H = triggers aspiration ^L = triggers lenition ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

Middle Irish: reód
- Irish: reo
- Manx: rio
- Scottish Gaelic: reòth

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
réud also rréud after a proclitic	réud pronounced with /r(ʲ)-/	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “reód”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

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