jmn

Egyptian

Etymology 1

Compare Arabic ء م ن‎ (ʔ m n) and Hebrew א־מ־ן‎ (ʾ-m-n).

Pronunciation

(proper noun): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /jaˈmaːnuw/ → /jaˈmaːnuw/ → /ʔaˈmaːnə/ → /ʔaˈmoːn/

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /imɛn/
- Conventional anglicization: amen

Verb

3-lit.

(transitive) to hide, to conceal
(intransitive or reflexive) to hide, to be(come) hidden or secret
(intransitive, by extension) to be(come) rare or precious [Greco-Roman Period]
(transitive) to create, form, shape (in a cosmic, divine sense)

Inflection

Conjugation of jmn (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: jmn, geminated stem: jmnn

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	jmnt	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	ḥr jmn	m jmn	r jmn

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	jmn.n	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	consecutive	jmn.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	jmn.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	jmnt
perfective³	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	jmn.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	jmn.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	jmnn	potentialis¹	jmn.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³		active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	jmn.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	active + .tj¹, .tw²	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
imperfective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	active + .tj¹, .tw²	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
prospective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	—	jmntj⁴, jmnt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Derived terms

jmnyt (“the daily offerings to the gods”)
jmn ꜥ (“priestess of Bast”)
jmnw (“a bringer of disease”)
jmnw (“secret (noun)”)
jmn-m-ḥꜣt
jmn-rn.f
jmnt (“hiding place”)
jmnt (“secret (noun)”)

Adjective

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value): hidden, precious

Inflection

Declension of jmn (perfective active participle)

	masculine	feminine
singular	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	jmnt
dual	jmnwj	jmntj
plural	jmnw	jmnwt¹, jmnt²
Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural. In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Proper noun

Relief carving, Medinet Habu, c. 1150 BC

m

Amun, a primeval god, personification of the hiddenness of the primeval waters, worshipped at Hermopolis as a member of the Ogdoad
Amun, a god worshipped at Thebes as a member of the Theban Triad. From the Middle Kingdom, the king of the gods.

Alternative forms

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Derived terms

jmn m jpt (“Amun of Luxor”)
jmn m jpt-swt (“Amun of Karnak”)
jmn-ms
jmn nb nswt tꜣwj (“Amun, Lord of the King of Egypt”)
jmn-rꜥ (“Amun-Ra”)
jmn-rꜥ nswt nṯrw (“Amun-Ra, King of the gods”)
jmn-rn (“a minor deity”)
jmn-ḥtp (“Amenhotep, deified scribe and architect”)
jmnt (“Amunet”)
ꜥnḫ.s-n-jmn
mry-jmn
mryt-jmn
rwḏ-jmn
zꜣ-jmn
sḫm-ꜥnḫ-jmn
tꜣnwꜣtj-jmn
tꜣ-nt-jmn
twt-ꜥnḫ-jmn
twt-ꜥnḫ-jmn-ḥqꜣ-jwnw-šmꜥw
ḏḏt-jmn

Descendants

Coptic: ⲁⲙⲟⲩⲛ (amoun)
- → English: Amun
→ Ancient Greek: Ἄμμων (Ámmōn)
- → Coptic: ⲁⲙⲙⲱⲛ (ammōn)
→ Meroitic: 𐦠𐦨𐦩𐦢‎ (amni /⁠amani⁠/)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Afroasiatic *yamin-. Cognate with Proto-Semitic *yamīn- (“right”).

Pronunciation

(reconstructed) IPA^(key): /jaˈmiːnij/ → /jaˈmiːnij/ → /ʔaˈmiːnə/ → /ʔaˈmiːn/

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /imɛn/
- Conventional anglicization: amen

Adjective

right (direction)
western

Inflection

Declension of jmn (perfective active participle)

	masculine	feminine
singular	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	jmnt
dual	jmnwj	jmntj
plural	jmnw	jmnwt¹, jmnt²
Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural. In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Antonyms

Noun

m

the West

Alternative forms

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Synonyms

jmntt

Derived terms

jmnt (“the West (as a place or as a goddess)”)
jmntj (“westerly wind”)
jmntj (“Western”)
jmntj (“people of the west, the dead”)
jmntt (“the West, western land, graveyard”)
ḫntj-jmntjw (“foremost of the Westerners”)

References

James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 186, 280.
Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 83.4–83.6, 83.12–84.7, 84.15–85.2
Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 21

Schenkel, Wolfgang (1990) Einführung in die altägyptische Sprachwissenschaft, page 89

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[1] Schenkel, Wolfgang (1990) Einführung in die altägyptische Sprachwissenschaft, page 89