ezer
Basque
Etymology
From Proto-Basque *ezer, composed of *e- (indefinite prefix) + *zer (“what”).[1]
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
- (most dialects) Rhymes: -es̻er
- (Biscayan) Rhymes: -es̺er
- Hyphenation: e‧zer
Pronoun
ezer
Usage notes
This word is a negative polarity item, occurring in contexts such as negative sentences, questions, and conditional clauses. The only positive statements in which it corresponds to "anything" are mostly conditionals and questions.
Declension
| nor | zer | zein | zenbat | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| negative | indefinite (some) | indefinite (any) | negative | indefinite (some) | indefinite (any) | indefinite (any) | indefinite (some) | |||||
| absolutive | inor | norbait | edonor | Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value) | zerbait | edozer | edozein | zenbait | ||||
| ergative | inork | norbaitek | edonork | ezerk | zerbaitek | edozerk | edozeinek | zenbaitek | ||||
| dative | inori | norbaiti | edonori | ezeri | zerbaiti | edozeri | edozeini | zenbaiti | ||||
| genitive | inoren | norbaiten | edonoren | ezeren | zerbaiten | edozeren | edozeinen | zenbaiten | ||||
| comitative | inorekin | norbaitekin | edonorekin | ezerekin | zerbaitekin | edozerekin | edozeinekin | zenbaitekin | ||||
| causative | inorengatik | norbaitengatik | edonorengatik | ezerengatik | zerbaitengatik | edozerengatik | edozeinengatik | zenbaitengatik | ||||
| benefactive | inorentzat | norbaitentzat | edonorentzat | ezerentzat | zerbaitentzat | edozerentzat | edozeinentzat | zenbaitentzat | ||||
| instrumental | animate | inortaz | norbaitez | edonortaz | ― |
― |
― |
edozeinetaz | zenbaitetaz | |||
| inanimate | ― |
― |
― |
ezertaz | zerbaitez, zerbaitetaz | edozertaz | edozeinez | zenbaitez | ||||
| inessive | animate | inorengan | norbaitengan | edonorengan | ― |
― |
― |
edozeinengan | zenbaitengan | |||
| inanimate | inon | nonbaiten | edonon | ezertan | zerbaitetan | edozertan | zeinetan | zenbaitean, zenbaitetan | ||||
| locative | animate | ― |
― |
― |
― |
― |
― |
― |
― | |||
| inanimate | inongo | norabaiteko | edonongo | ― |
zerbaitetako | ― |
edozeinetako | zenbaiteko, zenbaitetako | ||||
| allative | animate | inorengana | norbaitengana | edonorengana | ― |
― |
― |
edozeinengana | zenbaitengana | |||
| inanimate | inora | norabaitera | edonora | ezertara | zerbaitera | edozertara | edozeinetara | zenbaitetara | ||||
| terminative | animate | inorenganaino | norbaitenganaino | edonorenganaino | ― |
― |
― |
edozeinenganaino | zenbaitenganaino | |||
| inanimate | inoraino | norabaiteraino | edonoraino | ezertaraino | zerbaiteraino | edozertaraino | edozeinetaraino | zenbaitetaraino | ||||
| directive | animate | inorenganantz | norbaitenganantz | edonorenganantz | ― |
― |
― |
edozeinenganantz | zenbaitenganantz | |||
| inanimate | inorantz | norabaiterantz | edonorantz | ezertarantz | zerbaiterantz | edozertarantz | edozeinetarantz | zenbaitetarantz | ||||
| destinative | animate | inorenganako | norbaitenganako | edonorenganako | ― |
― |
― |
edozeinenganako | zenbaitenganako | |||
| inanimate | inorako | norabaiterako | edonorako | ezertarako | zerbaiterako | edozertarako | edozeinetarako | zenbaitetarako | ||||
| ablative | animate | inorengandik | norbaitengandik | edonorengandik | ― |
― |
― |
edozeinengandik | zenbaitengandik | |||
| inanimate | inondik | ― |
edonondik | ezertatik | zerbaitetatik | edozertatik | edozeinetatik | zenbaitetatik | ||||
Derived terms
- ezer askorik (“not much”)
- ezer ere (“nothing at all”)
- ezer ez (“nothing at all”)
- ezer gutxi (“almost nothing”)
- ezerez
- ezerez
- ezerezean gelditu
- ezerezean geratu
- ezerezean utzi
- ezerezetik atera
- ezerezkeria
- ezereztasun
- ezergatik
- ezertarako ez izan (“to be useless”)
- ezertariko
- ezertxo
- ezertxo ere
References
- “zer” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk
Hungarian
Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
Etymology
From Iranian, more specifically possibly from Alanic. Compare Ossetian ӕрзӕ́ (ærzǽ), Persian هزار (hezâr). The Iranian word is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *saȷ́ʰásram, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéslom.[1] The Permic languages have also borrowed this numeral from Indo-Iranian, compare Komi-Zyryan сюрс (śurs) and Udmurt сюрс (śurs).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɛzɛr]
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: ezer
- Rhymes: -ɛr
Declension
Lua error: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
| Possessive forms of ezer | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | ezrem | ezreim |
| 2nd person sing. | ezred | ezreid |
| 3rd person sing. | ezre | ezrei |
| 1st person plural | ezrünk | ezreink |
| 2nd person plural | ezretek | ezreitek |
| 3rd person plural | ezrük | ezreik |
Derived terms
(Non-institutionalized adjectival compounds with single-element numerals [excerpt]):
ezermilliós, ezermilliárdos, ezerbilliós; ezerméteres, ezerkilós, ezergrammos, ezertonnás, ezerliteres; ezerwattos, ezeramperes; ezernapi, ezernapos, ezerhetes, ezerheti, ezeréves, ezerévi; ezeróránként, ezernaponta, ezernaponként, ezerévente, ezerévenként; ezerfokos, ezerfokú, ezerirányú, ezeroldalas, ezeroldalú, ezerkötetes, ezerdimenziós, ezerszázalékos, ezerkerekű, ezerfős, ezerfőnyi, ezernyelvű, ezertagú, ezerelemű, ezerrészes, ezeremeletes, ezerrétegű, ezerszintes, ezerablakos, ezerajtós, ezerüléses, ezerjegyű, ezerpontos, ezerszavas, ezerbetűs, ezersoros; ezerforintos, ezerdolláros, ezereurós; ezerlábú, ezerágú, ezerfejű, ezerkezű, ezerkarú, ezerszemű, ezerfülű, ezerlevelű.
References
- ezer in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- ezer in Gerstner, Károly (ed.). Új magyar etimológiai szótár. (’New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian’). Beta version. Budapest, MTA Nyelvtudományi Intézet / Magyar Nyelvtudományi Kutatóközpont, 2011–2022. (Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary). Language abbreviations
Further reading
- ezer in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- ezer in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2023)