certus

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *kritos, the original perfect passive participle of *krinō (Latin cernō). Due to the shift in meaning, it was replaced in the verbal paradigm by crētus.[1][2]

Pronunciation

Adjective

certus (feminine certa, neuter certum, comparative certior, superlative certissimus, adverb certē or certō); first/second-declension adjective

  1. certain
  2. fixed, settled, firm
  3. resolved, determined
    Synonyms: prōmptus, indubius, fixus
    Antonyms: incertus, dubius, suspensus, vagus, anceps
    certum est mihi [+ infinitive] ― it is my decision to..., I am resolved to..., I mean...
  4. sure

Declension

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Derived terms

Descendants

References
  • “certus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “certus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • certus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • certus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
  • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • the fixed stars: sidera certis locis infixa
    • this much is certain: hoc (not tantum) certum est
    • I am quite certain on the point: mihi exploratum est, exploratum (certum) habeo
    • I am determined: certum (mihi) est
    • I am firmly resolved: certum deliberatumque est
    • to impose fixed limitations: fines certos terminosque constituere
    • (ambiguous) I know for a fact: certo (certe) scio (Arch. 12. 32)
    • (ambiguous) this much I can vouch for: illud pro certo affirmare licet
    • (ambiguous) to be based on a sound principle: a certa ratione proficisci
  • certus in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
  1. “certo” in: Alberto Nocentini, Alessandro Parenti, “l'Etimologico — Vocabolario della lingua italiana”, Le Monnier, 2010, →ISBN
  2. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “cernō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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