Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xaropǫditi

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Compound of *xarъ (“gloomy, dark”) +‎ *-o- +‎ *pǫditi (“to fear, to be afraid”).

Verb

*xaropǫditi[1][2]

get very frightened (mostly about horses and cattle)
to be annoyed, to be angry, to misbehave

Declension

Conjugation of *xaropǫditi, *xaropǫdi, *xaropǫditь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*xaropǫďenьje	*xaropǫditi	*xaropǫditъ	*xaropǫdilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*xaropǫďenъ	*xaropǫdimъ
Active	*xaropǫďь	*xaropǫdę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*xaropǫdixъ	*xaropǫdi	*xaropǫdi	*xaropǫďǫ	*xaropǫdiši	*xaropǫditь
Dual	*xaropǫdixově	*xaropǫdista	*xaropǫdiste	*xaropǫdivě	*xaropǫdita	*xaropǫdite
Plural	*xaropǫdixomъ	*xaropǫdiste	*xaropǫdišę	*xaropǫdimъ	*xaropǫdite	*xaropǫdętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*xaropǫďaaxъ	*xaropǫďaaše	*xaropǫďaaše	—	*xaropǫdi	*xaropǫdi
Dual	*xaropǫďaaxově	*xaropǫďaašeta	*xaropǫďaašete	*xaropǫdivě	*xaropǫdita	—
Plural	*xaropǫďaaxomъ	*xaropǫďaašete	*xaropǫďaaxǫ	*xaropǫdimъ	*xaropǫdite	—

(*)*xaropǫdivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Related terms

*xarъ (“gloomy, dark; dilapidated, shabby”)
- *xarati, *xariti
- *xarobylьje n, *xarobura f
*xorъ (“dark, black”)
- *xorxoriti (“to brag, show off; to be defiant”)
- *xorostь (“beauty, pleasantness; convenience”)
  - *xoroščьnъ (“beautiful; good”)
- *xorovitъ (“beautiful; kind, fine”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: *харопѫдити (*xaropǫditi)
  - Old Ruthenian: *харопудити (*xaropuditi)
    - Ukrainian: харапу́дитися (xarapúdytysja, “get scared (about a horse, ox); to be afraid”), ⇒ схарапу́дити (sxarapúdyty, “to scare”)
  - Russian: (dialectal) харапу́зить (xarapúzitʹ, “to misbehave”), харапу́жить (xarapúžitʹ, “to annoy”), харапу́житься (xarapúžitʹsja, “to be a bully, to pick on”)

References

Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xaropǫditi (sę)?”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), issue 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 20
Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2012), “харапудитися”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 6 (У – Я), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 157: “псл. *xaropǫditi (sę)”