Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/padežь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Action noun of *pasti (“to fall”) +‎ *-ežь.

Noun

*padežь m

fall
Synonyms: *padъ, *valežь
crumbling, downfall, disaster
Synonym: *opadъkъ

Usage notes

In some contemporary languages, the descendants of this etymon covey the meaning grammatical case. It is a late calque of Ancient Greek πτῶσις (ptôsis) and Latin cāsus.

Declension

Declension of *padežь (soft o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*padežь	*padeža	*padeži
genitive	*padeža	*padežu	*padežь
dative	*padežu	*padežema	*padežemъ
accusative	*padežь	*padeža	*padežę̇
instrumental	padežьmь, padežemь^*	*padežema	*padeži
locative	*padeži	*padežu	*padežixъ
vocative	*padežu	*padeža	*padeži

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: падежь (padežĭ)
  - Russian: падёж (padjóž, “murrain, cattle plague”), dial. па́деж (pádež, “waterfall”)
  - Ukrainian: паді́ж (padíž)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: падєжь (padežĭ)
  - Bulgarian: паде́ж (padéž, “case”)
  - Macedonian: падеж (padež, “case”)
  - Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: па́деж (“case”)
    
    Latin script: pádež (“case”)
  - → Russian: паде́ж (padéž, “case”)
  - → Polish: padież (“case”) (rarely)
- Macedonian: падеж (padež, “fall”)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: па́деж (“waterfall”)
  
  Latin script: pádež (“waterfall”)
- Slovene: pȃdež