< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/krěpъkъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Extended from *krěpъ + *-ъkъ. According to Derksen[1], possibly akin to Icelandic hræfa (“to endure, to tolerate”), from Proto-Indo-European *kreh₁p-. Kroonen[2] considers a possible (but not certain) borrowing from Germanic.
See also Proto-Slavic *krěti, *krějati/*krьjati (“to recover, to gather strength”) (whence Bulgarian крея (kreja), Czech křáti).
Inflection
Indefinite declension of *krěpъkъ (hard, accent paradigm a)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *krěpъkъ | *krěpъka | *krěpъko |
| genitive | *krěpъka | *krěpъky | *krěpъka |
| dative | *krěpъku | *krěpъkě | *krěpъku |
| accusative | *krěpъkъ | *krěpъkǫ | *krěpъko |
| instrumental | *krěpъkomь | *krěpъkojǫ | *krěpъkomь |
| locative | *krěpъkě | *krěpъkě | *krěpъkě |
| vocative | *krěpъke | *krěpъko | *krěpъko |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *krěpъka | *krěpъkě | *krěpъkě |
| genitive | *krěpъku | *krěpъku | *krěpъku |
| dative | *krěpъkoma | *krěpъkama | *krěpъkoma |
| accusative | *krěpъka | *krěpъkě | *krěpъkě |
| instrumental | *krěpъkoma | *krěpъkama | *krěpъkoma |
| locative | *krěpъku | *krěpъku | *krěpъku |
| vocative | *krěpъka | *krěpъkě | *krěpъkě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *krěpъki | *krěpъky | *krěpъka |
| genitive | *krěpъkъ | *krěpъkъ | *krěpъkъ |
| dative | *krěpъkomъ | *krěpъkamъ | *krěpъkomъ |
| accusative | *krěpъky | *krěpъky | *krěpъka |
| instrumental | *krěpъky | *krěpъkami | *krěpъky |
| locative | *krěpъkěxъ | *krěpъkaxъ | *krěpъkěxъ |
| vocative | *krěpъki | *krěpъky | *krěpъka |
Definite declension of *krěpъkъ (hard, accent paradigm a)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *krěpъkъjь | *krěpъkaja | *krěpъkoje |
| genitive | *krěpъkajego | *krěpъkyję̇ | *krěpъkajego |
| dative | *krěpъkujemu | *krěpъkěji | *krěpъkujemu |
| accusative | *krěpъkъjь | *krěpъkǫjǫ | *krěpъkoje |
| instrumental | *krěpъkyjimь | *krěpъkǫjǫ | *krěpъkyjimь |
| locative | *krěpъkějemь | *krěpъkěji | *krěpъkějemь |
| vocative | *krěpъkъjь | *krěpъkaja | *krěpъkoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *krěpъkaja | *krěpъkěji | *krěpъkěji |
| genitive | *krěpъkuju | *krěpъkuju | *krěpъkuju |
| dative | *krěpъkyjima | *krěpъkyjima | *krěpъkyjima |
| accusative | *krěpъkaja | *krěpъkěji | *krěpъkěji |
| instrumental | *krěpъkyjima | *krěpъkyjima | *krěpъkyjima |
| locative | *krěpъkuju | *krěpъkuju | *krěpъkuju |
| vocative | *krěpъkaja | *krěpъkěji | *krěpъkěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *krěpъkiji | *krěpъkyję̇ | *krěpъkaja |
| genitive | *krěpъkъjixъ | *krěpъkъjixъ | *krěpъkъjixъ |
| dative | *krěpъkyjimъ | *krěpъkyjimъ | *krěpъkyjimъ |
| accusative | *krěpъkyję̇ | *krěpъkyję̇ | *krěpъkaja |
| instrumental | *krěpъkyjimi | *krěpъkyjimi | *krěpъkyjimi |
| locative | *krěpъkyjixъ | *krěpъkyjixъ | *krěpъkyjixъ |
| vocative | *krěpъkiji | *krěpъkyję̇ | *krěpъkaja |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “кре́пкий”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. & suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*krěpъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), issue 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 134
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*krěpъkъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), issue 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 134
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*krějati/*krьjati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), issue 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 130
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “крепък”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 735
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*krěpъkъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 246: “adj. o (a) ‘strong’”
- G. Kroonen (2010), “Proto-Germanic *krēpja- and Proto-Slavic *krěpъ 'strong'”, in Journal of Indo-European Studies, Vol. 38, pages 402-408
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “krépek”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *krě̑pъkъ”
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