< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kazati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Per Rix (LIV), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷōǵ-ye-, a causative form from a root *kʷeǵ-, a variant of *kʷeḱ- (“to see”). Endorsed by Chernykh and Vasmer and tentatively by Derksen. Cognate with Sanskrit काशते (kā́śate, “it seems”), Avestan 𐬁𐬐𐬀𐬯𐬀𐬝‎ (ākasat̰, “he noticed”), Tocharian B koṣkīye (“image”).

Verb

*kāzàti[1][2]

  1. to show
  2. to say, to testify
  3. (by extension) to punish

Inflection
Conjugation of *kazati, *kaza, *kažetь (?, -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*kazanьje *kazati *kazatъ *kazalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *kazanъ *kažemъ
Active *kazavъ *kažę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *kazaxъ*kaza*kaza *kažǫ*kažeši*kažetь
Dual *kazaxově*kazasta*kazaste *kaževě*kažeta*kažete
Plural *kazaxomъ*kazaste*kazašę *kažemъ*kažete*kažǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *kazaaxъ*kazaaše*kazaaše —*kaži*kaži
Dual *kazaaxově*kazaašeta*kazaašete *kaživě*kažita—
Plural *kazaaxomъ*kazaašete*kazaaxǫ *kažimъ*kažite—

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: казати (kazati)
    • Old Novgorodian: каꙁа́ти (kazáti)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Cyrillic: казати (kazati)
      Glagolitic: ⰽⰰⰸⰰⱅⰹ (kazati)
    • Bulgarian: ка́жа (káža)
    • Macedonian: каже (kaže)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: ка́зати
      Latin script: kázati
      • Chakavian (Vrgada): kå̄zȁti
      • Chakavian (Orbanići): kāzȁt
    • Slovene: kázati, kazáti (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: kázati
    • Kashubian: kazac
    • Polish: kazać
    • Slovak: kázať
    • Slovincian: kȧ̃zăc
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: kazać
      • Lower Sorbian: kazaś

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “каза́ть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. & suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993), “каза́ться”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 368
  • Rix, Helmut, editor (2001) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs]‎ (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 383, 385
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*kazati (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), issue 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 168

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kāzàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 222: “v. ‘show’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “kazati: kazjǫ kazjetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b? vise (SA 210; PR 136)”
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