< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/karasь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic
*karasь (Carassius carassius)

Etymology

Akin to Lithuanian karõsas, Old High German karaz (whence Modern German Karausche, dialectal Lithuanian karúšis and Norwegian Nynorsk karuss), of unclear further origin. Kluge & Mitzka presume Balto-Slavic origin for the German descendant; reversely, Preobražensky considers the Balto-Slavic lemmas as Germanic borrowings; while Sławski and Holub & Kopečný suppose a shared substrate origin.

Compared in the past with Ancient Greek κορᾰκῖνος (korakînos, “fresh-water fish found in the Nile”), κορακώδης (korakṓdēs, “crucian”) (literally: raven-like).

Noun

*karasь m

  1. crucian carp (Carassius carassius); any fish of the genus Carassius

Declension
Declension of *karasь (i-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *karasь *karasi *karasьje, *karaše*
genitive *karasi *karasьju, *karašu* *karasьjь, *karasi*
dative *karasi *karasьma *karasьmъ
accusative *karasь *karasi *karasi
instrumental *karasьmь *karasьma *karasьmi
locative *karasi *karasьju, *karašu* *karasьxъ
vocative *karasi *karasi *karasьje, *karaše*
* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
  • *koraťь (possibly)
    • *koraťьnъ (“vicious, accusative, detrimental”)

See also
  • *korpъ (“carp”)
  • *plotь, *plotica, *ploty (“roach”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: карась (karasĭ), корась (korasĭ), карасъ (karasŭ)
      • Old Ruthenian: кара́сь (karásʹ), кара́съ (karás)
        • Belarusian: кара́сь (karásʹ) (dialectal)
        • Rusyn: кара́с (karás)
        • Ukrainian: кара́сь (karásʹ); ка́рас (káras) (dialectal, obsolete)
      • Russian: кара́сь (karásʹ); кара́с (karás) (dialectal)
  • South Slavic:
    • Bulgarian: кара́ш (karáš), кара́с (karás) (dialectal)
    • Macedonian: караш (karaš)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: ка̀ра̄с, ка̀ра̄ш; Ка̏ра̄с (surname); Ка̀раси pl (toponym)
      Latin script: kàrās, kàrāš; Kȁrās (surname); Kàrasi pl (toponym)
    • Slovene: karās
  • West Slavic:
  • Non-Slavic:
    • → Romanian: caraș
    • → Hungarian: kárász

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*karasь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), issue 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 152
  • Kolomijec, V. T. (1983) Происхождение общеславянских названий рыб [The Origin of the Common Slavic Names of Fish] (К IX Международному съезду славистов) (in Russian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, pages 127-130
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “кара́сь”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. & suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
  • Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1985), “кара́сь”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Д – Копці), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 177
  • Martynaŭ, V. U., Tsykhun, G. A., editors (1978–2017), “кара́сь”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “караш”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 242
  • Snoj, Marko (2016), “koréselj”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si
  • “karosas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
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