< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ěsti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ḗˀstei (present *ḗˀdmi), usually explained as an instance of Winter's law, deriving from Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti (“to eat”).

The PIE root *h₁ed- is sometimes argued to have an acrostatic Narten present, with a lengthened-grade in the singular active, which would render the Proto-Indo-European source as *h₁ḗd-.

Verb

*ě̀sti[1]

  1. (transitive, intransitive) to eat

Conjugation
Conjugation of *ěsti, *ě(stъ), *ěstь (impf., athematic -C-, st-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*ědenьje *ěsti *ěstъ *ědlъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *ědenъ *ědomъ
Active *ědъ *ědy
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *ěsъ*ě(stъ)*ě(stъ) *ěmь*ěsi*ěstь
Dual *ěsově*ěsta*ěste *ěvě*ěsta*ěste
Plural *ěsomъ*ěste*ěsę *ěmъ*ěste*ědętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *ěděaxъ*ěděaše*ěděaše —*ěďь*ěďь
Dual *ěděaxově*ěděašeta*ěděašete *ědivě*ědita—
Plural *ěděaxomъ*ěděašete*ěděaxǫ *ědimъ*ědite—

Derived terms
  • *ědlo (“meal, dish”)
  • *ědьca (“eater”)
  • *ědъ (“poison, venom”) ?
  • *obědъ (“meal; lunch”)
    • *obědati (“to have lunch”)
  • *ědakъ (“greedy man”)
  • *ěda (“food”)
  • *ěstьje (“dish, food”)
  • *ěstva (“food; eating”)
  • *ědivo (“food, comestibles”)
  • *sъnědati
  • *ȗjědь (“food”)

Descendants

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ě̀sti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 154
  2. Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912), “ѣсти, ѣмь”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volume 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, ѣмь column 1623
  3. Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912), “ꙗсти, ꙗмь”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volume 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, ꙗмь column 1666
  4. Barkhudarov, S. G., editor (1978), “ѣсти, ѣмь”, in Словарь русского языка XI–XVII вв. [Dictionary of the Russian Language: 11ᵗʰ–17ᵗʰ cc.] (in Russian), issue 5 (е – зинутие), Moscow: Nauka, page 63

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*ěsti, *ědmь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), issue 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 53
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*ědenьje”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), issue 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 39
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*ěstvo / *ěstva”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), issue 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 54
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993), “есть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 288
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ем”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. & suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ешь”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. & suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
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