< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čьrstvъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kirst(w)os, from Proto-Indo-European *krt-two-. Cognate with Lithuanian kir̃stas (“sharp, harsh”).
Inflection
Indefinite declension of *čьrstvъ (hard, accent paradigm c)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value) | *čьrstva | *čьrstvo |
| genitive | *čьrstva | *čьrstvy | *čьrstva |
| dative | *čьrstvu | *čьrstvě | *čьrstvu |
| accusative | Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value) | *čьrstvǫ | *čьrstvo |
| instrumental | *čьrstvomь | *čьrstvojǫ | *čьrstvomь |
| locative | *čьrstvě | *čьrstvě | *čьrstvě |
| vocative | *čьrstve | *čьrstvo | *čьrstvo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *čьrstva | *čьrstvě | *čьrstvě |
| genitive | *čьrstvu | *čьrstvu | *čьrstvu |
| dative | *čьrstvoma | *čьrstvama | *čьrstvoma |
| accusative | *čьrstva | *čьrstvě | *čьrstvě |
| instrumental | *čьrstvoma | *čьrstvama | *čьrstvoma |
| locative | *čьrstvu | *čьrstvu | *čьrstvu |
| vocative | *čьrstva | *čьrstvě | *čьrstvě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *čьrstvi | *čьrstvy | *čьrstva |
| genitive | Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value) | Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value) | Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value) |
| dative | *čьrstvomъ | *čьrstvamъ | *čьrstvomъ |
| accusative | *čьrstvy | *čьrstvy | *čьrstva |
| instrumental | *čьrstvy | *čьrstvami | *čьrstvy |
| locative | *čьrstvěxъ | *čьrstvaxъ | *čьrstvěxъ |
| vocative | *čьrstvi | *čьrstvy | *čьrstva |
Definite declension of *čьrstvъ (hard, accent paradigm c)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *čьrstvъjь | *čьrstvaja | *čьrstvoje |
| genitive | *čьrstvajego | *čьrstvyję̇ | *čьrstvajego |
| dative | *čьrstvujemu | *čьrstvěji | *čьrstvujemu |
| accusative | *čьrstvъjь | *čьrstvǫjǫ | *čьrstvoje |
| instrumental | *čьrstvyjimь | *čьrstvǫjǫ | *čьrstvyjimь |
| locative | *čьrstvějemь | *čьrstvěji | *čьrstvějemь |
| vocative | *čьrstvъjь | *čьrstvaja | *čьrstvoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *čьrstvaja | *čьrstvěji | *čьrstvěji |
| genitive | *čьrstvuju | *čьrstvuju | *čьrstvuju |
| dative | *čьrstvyjima | *čьrstvyjima | *čьrstvyjima |
| accusative | *čьrstvaja | *čьrstvěji | *čьrstvěji |
| instrumental | *čьrstvyjima | *čьrstvyjima | *čьrstvyjima |
| locative | *čьrstvuju | *čьrstvuju | *čьrstvuju |
| vocative | *čьrstvaja | *čьrstvěji | *čьrstvěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *čьrstviji | *čьrstvyję̇ | *čьrstvaja |
| genitive | *čьrstvъjixъ | *čьrstvъjixъ | *čьrstvъjixъ |
| dative | *čьrstvyjimъ | *čьrstvyjimъ | *čьrstvyjimъ |
| accusative | *čьrstvyję̇ | *čьrstvyję̇ | *čьrstvaja |
| instrumental | *čьrstvyjimi | *čьrstvyjimi | *čьrstvyjimi |
| locative | *čьrstvyjixъ | *čьrstvyjixъ | *čьrstvyjixъ |
| vocative | *čьrstviji | *čьrstvyję̇ | *čьrstvaja |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “чёрствый”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. & suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*čь̑rstvъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 92: “adj. o (c) ‘firm’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “čьrstvъ čьrstva čьrstvo”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c fast, hård (PR 138)”
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