< Reconstruction:Proto-Northeast Caucasian

Reconstruction:Proto-Northeast Caucasian/ɬ:ɔn

This Proto-Northeast Caucasian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Northeast Caucasian

Alternative reconstructions

Noun

*ɬ:ɔn (class 4) (oblique stem *ɬ:ɨ́n(w)V- /ˈɬ:ɨn.(w)V/)

  1. water

Reconstruction notes

This is a tentative reconstruction, as Proto-Avar-Andi-Tsezic *ɬ:ɨn and Proto-Nakh *xi (obl. *xi- or *xin-) both only allow us to reconstruct Proto-Northeast-Caucasian *ɬ:ɨn. However, Lezghian data suggests that this may be the "*ɨ-grade" ablaut form of a noun whose absolutive form (unmarked) contains the vowel *ɔ, if the vowel alterations in Tsaxur x'an (obl. xine-), Rutul xäd (obl. xiji-), Kryz xäd (obl. xidi-), Khinalug xu (obl. xɨn-) are cognate to Proto-Nakh and Proto-Avar-Andi-Tsezic ablaut, but more work needs to be done to establish whether or not that's true (Schrijver 2021:143).

Descendants
  • From oblique stem *ɬ:ɨ́n(w)V-
    • Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ɬ:ɨn (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Tsezian: *ɬ:ɨn (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Nakh: *xi (see there for further descendants)
  • Unsorted formations, some retaining the ablaut:
    • Proto-Dargwa: *xin (see there for further descendants)
    • Khinalug: хьу (xu)
    • Lak: шин (šin)
    • Proto-Lezghian: *ʎ:än: (see there for further descendants)

References
  • Schrijver, Peter (2021), “A history of the vowel systems of the Nakh languages (East Caucasian), with special reference to umlaut in Chechen and Ingush”, in Languages of the Caucasus‎ (in English), volume 5, →DOI, →ISSN, page 143: “*χi”
  1. Nichols, Johanna (2003), “The Nakh-Daghestanian consonant correspondences”, in Dee Ann Holisky, Kevin Tuite, editors, Current Trends in Caucasian, East European and Inner Asian Linguistics: Papers in honor of Howard I. Aronson (in English), Amsterdam: John Benjamins, →DOI, page 263
  2. Nikolaev, Sergei L.; Starostin, Sergei A. (1994), “*x_ä̆nɦɨ̆”, in A North Caucasian Etymological Dictionary, Moscow: Asterisk Publishers
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