< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/séǵʰwr̥

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *seǵʰ- (“to overpower; to take hold of”) +‎ *-wr̥.

Noun

*séǵʰwr̥ n[1][2][3]

  1. overpowering
  2. holding

Inflection
Athematic, proterokinetic
singular collective
nominative *séǵʰwr̥ *séǵʰwōr
genitive *sǵʰwéns *sǵʰunés
singular dual plural collective
nominative *séǵʰwr̥ — — *séǵʰwōr
vocative *séǵʰwr̥ — — *séǵʰwōr
accusative *séǵʰwr̥ — — *séǵʰwōr
genitive *sǵʰwéns — — *sǵʰunés
ablative *sǵʰwéns — — *sǵʰunés
dative *sǵʰwéney — — *sǵʰunéy
locative *sǵʰwén, *sǵʰwéni — — *sǵʰwén, *sǵʰwéni
instrumental *sǵʰwénh₁ — — *sǵʰunéh₁

Derived terms
  • *séǵʰur-i-s[4]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sáȷ́ʰuriš
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sáźʰuriṣ
        • Sanskrit: सहुरि (sáhuri, “powerful, superior”)
  • *seǵʰur-ó-s[5][4]
  • *seǵʰur-yé-ti
    • Proto-Anatolian:
      • Hittite: 𒊭𒀝𒆪𒊑𒄿𒂊𒈪 (ša-ak-ku-ri-i-e-mi /⁠sakkuriyemi⁠/, “to subdue, subjugate, conquer”, 1sg.pres.act.)
  • *sǵʰwén-o-s
    • Proto-Hellenic: *skʷʰénos
Unsorted formations
  • >? Proto-Germanic: *swin-
    • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *swinþaz (see there for further descendants)
  • >? Proto-Italic: *seɣwēros[3]
    • Latin: sevērus (“severe, serious”) (see there for further descendants)

Further reading
  • Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “σθένος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1325–1326
  • Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*seg̑ʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 515-516
  • Rieken, Elisabeth (1999), “*šak(k)ur-”, in Untersuchungen zur nominalen Stammbildung des Hethitischen (Studien Zu Den Bogazkoy-Texten; 44) (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →DOI, page 358
  • Heidermanns, Frank (1993), “*swenþa-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen Primäradjektive (Studia linguistica Germanica; 33) (in German), Berlin; New York: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 578

References
  1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, 2nd edition, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 123: “*seg̑hu̯r̥”
  2. Puhvel, Jaan (1984–), “sak(k)uriya-”, in Hittite Etymological Dictionary (Trends in linguistics. Documentation), pages 65-66: “*se/oĝhur-”
  3. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “sevērus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 560: “*seǵh-ur/-un-”
  4. Grestenberger, Laura (2009) The Vedic i-Stems and internal derivation (master's dissertation)‎, Vienna: Universität Wien, Philologisch-Kulturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, page 142
  5. Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 888: “seĝhu-ro-”
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