< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂m̥bʰi

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Following Jasasoff[1], usually claimed to be from earlier *h₂n̥t-bʰi, a petrified variant of the instrumental plural *h₂n̥t-mís of *h₂ént-s (“forehead, front”).[2][3][4][5][6] Compare *h₂m̥-bʰ-óh₁ (“both”). The semantics of this explanation is not problematic, however, as it is hard to derive "around" from "with foreheads".

Dunkel instead derives *án-bʰi (“around”) from *án (“on the other side”) +‎ *-bʰi (adverbial locative suffix).[7]

Adverb

*h₂m̥bʰi[5][4][8][9]

  1. around, on either side of, about
  2. in exchange for
  3. facing, against

Alternative reconstructions

Derived terms
  • Proto-Armenian:

Descendants
  • Proto-Albanian: *ambi[11]
  • Proto-Celtic: *ambi, *ambi-[10] (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *umbi[2] (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *ampʰí (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Habʰí[6][8] (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *amβi[5] (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Jay Jasanoff (1976), “Gr. ἄμφω, lat. ambo et le mot indo-européen pour ‘l’un et l’autre’ [Gr. ἄμφω, lat. ambo and the Indo-European word for ‘both’]”, in Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique‎, volume 71, pages 125-131
  2. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*umbi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  3. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἀμφί”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  4. Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 389.2.C.a., page 410
  5. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “ambi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  6. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “abhí”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  7. Dunkel, George E. (2014), “Lexikon [Lexicon]”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, pages 35-40
  8. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 91-92
  9. Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “amboɫǰ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill
  10. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*ambi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN
  11. Orel, Vladimir E. (1998), “mbë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 250
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