Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/sëpra

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Likely borrowed from a Baltic language; compare Latvian sēbrs (“friend”), Lithuanian sėbras (“companion”).

Noun

*sëpra

Inflection

Inflection of *sëpra

	singular	plural
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
nominative	*sëpra	*sëprat
accusative	*sëpran	*sëprat
genitive	*sëpran	sëpradën sëproidën
partitive	*sëprada	*sëproida
inessive	sëprassa sëprahna	sëproissa sëproihna
elative	*sëprasta	*sëproista
illative	*sëprahën	*sëproihën
adessive	*sëpralla	*sëproilla
ablative	*sëpralta	*sëproilta
allative	sëpralën sëpralëk	sëproilën sëproilëk
essive	*sëprana	*sëproina
translative	*sëpraksi	*sëproiksi
instructive	*sëpran	*sëproin
comitative	*sëpranëk	*sëproinëk
abessive	*sëpratta	*sëproitta

Descendants

Estonian: sõber
- → Livonian: sõbrā
Finnish: seura
Ingrian: sebra
Karelian: sepra, sebra
Livonian: sü'br (archaic)
Livvi: siebru
Ludian: siebr
Veps: sebr
Võro: sõpr, sõbõr
Votic: sõbrõ
→ Proto-Samic: *seaprē
- Western Samic:
  - Ume Sami: seäbrrie
  - Lule Sami: siebrre
  - Northern Sami: searvi
- Eastern Samic:
  - Inari Sami: servi
  - Skolt Sami: seäʹrvv
  - Kildin Sami: се̄ббр (s’ēbbr)

References

sõber in Metsmägi, Iris; Sedrik, Meeli; Soosaar, Sven-Erik (2012), Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat, Tallinn: Eesti Keele Instituut, →ISBN
Itkonen, Erkki; Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000) Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish), [note: linked online version also includes some other etymological sources], Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

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