< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/ruka
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *hrūgǭ (whence Icelandic hrúga).
Inflection
Inflection of *ruka
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *ruka | *rugat | |
| accusative | *rugan | *rugat | |
| genitive | *rugan | *rukadën *rukëidën | |
| partitive | *rukada | *rukëida | |
| inessive | *rugassa *rugahna |
*rugëissa *rugëihna | |
| elative | *rugasta | *rugëista | |
| illative | *rukahën | *rukëihën | |
| adessive | *rugalla | *rugëilla | |
| ablative | *rugalta | *rugëilta | |
| allative | *rukalën *rukalëk |
*rukëilën *rukëilëk | |
| essive | *rukana | *rukëina | |
| translative | *rugaksi | *rugëiksi | |
| instructive | *rugan | *rugëin | |
| comitative | *rukanëk | *rukëinëk | |
| abessive | *rugatta | *rugëitta | |
Descendants
From *ruka:
From *ruko:
Etymology 2
Unknown.
Inflection
Inflection of *ruka
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *ruka | *rugat | |
| accusative | *rugan | *rugat | |
| genitive | *rugan | *rukadën *rukëidën | |
| partitive | *rukada | *rukëida | |
| inessive | *rugassa *rugahna |
*rugëissa *rugëihna | |
| elative | *rugasta | *rugëista | |
| illative | *rukahën | *rukëihën | |
| adessive | *rugalla | *rugëilla | |
| ablative | *rugalta | *rugëilta | |
| allative | *rukalën *rukalëk |
*rukëilën *rukëilëk | |
| essive | *rukana | *rukëina | |
| translative | *rugaksi | *rugëiksi | |
| instructive | *rugan | *rugëin | |
| comitative | *rukanëk | *rukëinëk | |
| abessive | *rugatta | *rugëitta | |
Descendants
Further reading
- ruga in Metsmägi, Iris; Sedrik, Meeli; Soosaar, Sven-Erik (2012), Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat, Tallinn: Eesti Keele Instituut, →ISBN
- Itkonen, Erkki; Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “ruka”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish), [note: linked online version also includes some other etymological sources], Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
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