π
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Egyptian
Glyph origin
Representing a lake or pool. Compare the Chinese character π£Ά. Detailed Old Kingdom forms cover the interior with vertical zigzags of green or blue rippling water:
(π). A form with a few diagonal lines across the interior
(π) appeared in hieratic and semi-cursive hieroglyphs during the Old Kingdom but rarely appeared in hieroglyphs proper before the Late Period. Another variant adds lines, perhaps to suggest depth:
(π). In general, the glyph is usually colored black/blue. The phonogrammatic value of Ε‘ is derived by the rebus principle from its use as a logogram for Ε‘ (βpool, lakeβ).
Symbol
- Uniliteral phonogram for Ε‘.
- Occasional biliteral phonogram for zn in zn (βto openβ), by confusion with
, a variant of
(π).
- Logogram for Ε‘ (βpool, lakeβ).
- Determinative for bodies of water, interchanging with
(π).
- Occasional determinative for irrigated land, by confusion with
(π).
- Occasional determinative for stone, by confusion with
(π).
Usage notes
This glyph
and the jnr (βstoneβ) logogram and determinative
(π) are extremely similar. The stone hieroglyph is often drawn shorter/squatter than the pool hieroglyph to distinguish the two. In some inscriptions they could also be distinguished by color: the sides of the pool glyph were blue and the interior water was green, while the stone glyph was often white (representing a whitish stone such as limestone), although sometimes the stone glyph was colored blue instead (perhaps representing a mud-brick, as Egyptian scribes generally used a limited color palette that did not include grey or brown, or a block of dark stone such as basalt or greywacke).
References
- Gardiner, Alan (1957) Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs, third edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, βISBN, page 491
- Fischer, Henry (1988) Ancient Egyptian Calligraphy: A Beginnerβs Guide to Writing Hieroglyphs, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, βISBN, page 13
- BetrΓ², Maria (1995) Geroglifici: 580 Segni per Capire l'Antico Egitto, Milan: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore S.p.A., βISBN
- Peust, Carsten (1999) Egyptian Phonology: An Introduction to the Phonology of a Dead Languageβ, GΓΆttingen: Peust und Gutschmidt Verlag GbR, page 48
- David Nunn, A Palaeography of Polychrome Hieroglyphs (2020)
Further reading
- Nina Davies, Picture Writing in Ancient Egypt (1958)
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