𐌊𐌓𐌀𐌐𐌖𐌅𐌉

Umbrian

Etymology

Unknown, with the Osco-Umbrian suffix *-owjos. The intervocalic /-b-/ implies a non-native origin, possibly from Illyrian. Traditionally compared to Latin Grādīvus, though its /-d-/ is incompatible.[1][2]

Proper noun

𐌊𐌓𐌀𐌐𐌖𐌅𐌉 • (krapuvi) m sg (early Iguvine) (dative)

Grabovius. A divine epithet.
- early 2^nd century BCE, Iguvine Tablets, table I, side A (photo; facsimile), lines 2–3:
  ² [...] 𐌐𐌓𐌄 𐌅𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌔⁚𐌕𐌓𐌄𐌐𐌋𐌀𐌍𐌄𐌔⁚ ³ 𐌉𐌖𐌅𐌄⁚𐌊𐌓𐌀𐌐𐌖𐌅𐌉⁚𐌕𐌓𐌄 𐌁𐌖𐌚⁚𐌚𐌄𐌕𐌖⁚ [...]
  preveres treplanes / iuve krapuvi tre buf fetu
  In front of the Trebulan gate sacrifice three oxen to Jupiter Grabovius.

Attested forms

(dative) e.Ig. 𐌊𐌓𐌀𐌐𐌖𐌅𐌉 (krapuvi); l.Ig. grabouie, grabouei
(accusative) l.Ig. graboui, graboue
(vocative) l.Ig. grabouie, crabouie

References

Poultney, James Wilson (1959) The Bronze Tables of Iguvium, page 19: “ […] for the epithet Grabovius […] most recent editors assume an Illyrian origin and no longer admit any connection with Latin (Mars) Gradivus: […] ”
Buck, Carl Darling (1904) A Grammar of Oscan and Umbrian: With a Collection of Inscriptions and a Glossary, page 336: “Connection with L.Grādīvus attractive, but no satisfactory explanation for U. b : L. d.”

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[1] Poultney, James Wilson (1959) The Bronze Tables of Iguvium, page 19: “ […] for the epithet Grabovius […] most recent editors assume an Illyrian origin and no longer admit any connection with Latin (Mars) Gradivus: […] ”

[2] Buck, Carl Darling (1904) A Grammar of Oscan and Umbrian: With a Collection of Inscriptions and a Glossary, page 336: “Connection with L.Grādīvus attractive, but no satisfactory explanation for U. b : L. d.”