영원하다
Korean
Etymology
영원(永遠) (yeong'won) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈjɘ(ː)ŋwʌ̹nɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [영(ː)원하다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | yeong'wonhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | yeong'wonhada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | yŏngwŏnhada |
| Yale Romanization? | yēngwen.hata |
Adjective
영원하다 • (yeong'wonhada) (infinitive 영원해 or 영원하여, sequential 영원하니)
- (to be) eternal, permanent, everlasting
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 영원하다 (yeong'wonhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 영원하다 yeong'wonhada |
영원해 yeong'wonhae |
영원해요 yeong'wonhaeyo |
영원합니다 yeong'wonhamnida |
| Past | 영원했다 yeong'wonhaetda |
영원했어 yeong'wonhaesseo |
영원했어요 yeong'wonhaesseoyo |
영원했습니다 yeong'wonhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 영원하냐 yeong'wonhanya |
영원해 yeong'wonhae |
영원해요 yeong'wonhaeyo |
영원합니까 yeong'wonhamnikka |
| Past | 영원했냐 yeong'wonhaennya |
영원했어 yeong'wonhaesseo |
영원했어요 yeong'wonhaesseoyo |
영원했습니까 yeong'wonhaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 영원하겠다 yeong'wonhagetda | 영원하겠어 yeong'wonhagesseo | 영원하겠어요 yeong'wonhagesseoyo | 영원하겠습니다 yeong'wonhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 영원해 yeong'wonhae | 영원해서, 영원하여서 yeong'wonhaeseo, yeong'wonhayeoseo | 영원하니 yeong'wonhani | 영원하니까 yeong'wonhanikka | |
| Contrast | 영원하지만 yeong'wonhajiman | 영원한데 yeong'wonhande | 영원하더니 yeong'wonhadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 영원하고 yeong'wonhago | ||||
| Condition | 영원하면 yeong'wonhamyeon | 영원해야, 영원하여야 yeong'wonhaeya, yeong'wonhayeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 영원함 yeong'wonham | 영원하기 yeong'wonhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 영원했음, 영원하였음 yeong'wonhaesseum, yeong'wonhayeosseum | 영원했기, 영원하였기 yeong'wonhaetgi, yeong'wonhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 영원한 yeong'wonhan | |||
| Future | 영원할 yeong'wonhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 영원하시다 yeong'wonhasida |
영원하셔 yeong'wonhasyeo |
영원하세요, 영원하셔요 yeong'wonhaseyo, yeong'wonhasyeoyo |
영원하십니다 yeong'wonhasimnida |
| Past | 영원하셨다 yeong'wonhasyeotda |
영원하셨어 yeong'wonhasyeosseo |
영원하셨어요 yeong'wonhasyeosseoyo |
영원하셨습니다 yeong'wonhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 영원하시냐 yeong'wonhasinya |
영원하셔 yeong'wonhasyeo |
영원하세요, 영원하셔요 yeong'wonhaseyo, yeong'wonhasyeoyo |
영원하십니까 yeong'wonhasimnikka |
| Past | 영원하셨냐 yeong'wonhasyeonnya |
영원하셨어 yeong'wonhasyeosseo |
영원하셨어요 yeong'wonhasyeosseoyo |
영원하셨습니까 yeong'wonhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 영원하시겠다 yeong'wonhasigetda | 영원하시겠어 yeong'wonhasigesseo | 영원하시겠어요 yeong'wonhasigesseoyo | 영원하시겠습니다 yeong'wonhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 영원하셔 yeong'wonhasyeo | 영원하셔서 yeong'wonhasyeoseo | 영원하시니 yeong'wonhasini | 영원하시니까 yeong'wonhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 영원하시지만 yeong'wonhasijiman | 영원하신데 yeong'wonhasinde | 영원하시더니 yeong'wonhasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 영원하시고 yeong'wonhasigo | ||||
| Condition | 영원하시면 yeong'wonhasimyeon | 영원하셔야 yeong'wonhasyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 영원하심 yeong'wonhasim | 영원하시기 yeong'wonhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 영원하셨음 yeong'wonhasyeosseum | 영원하셨기 yeong'wonhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 영원하신 yeong'wonhasin | |||
| Future | 영원하실 yeong'wonhasil | ||||
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