鰯

鰯 U+9C2F, 鰯
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9C2F
← 鰮
[U+9C2E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鰰 →
[U+9C30]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

鰯 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+10, 21 strokes, cangjie input 弓火弓一一 (NFNMM), composition ⿰魚弱)

  1. sardine

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 1476, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46413
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4708, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+9C2F

Chinese
trad. 鰯
simp. 𱈍

Glyph origin

魚 (“fish”) + 弱 – sardine, A Japanese kokuji coined phono-semanically (弱し yowashi) in the Nara period.

Pronunciation

Definitions

鰯

  1. pilchard (esp. Japanese pilchard, Sardinops melanostictus), sardine.

References

Japanese
鰯(iwashi)

Alternative forms
Kanji in this term
鰯
いわし
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Kanji
鰯

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. sardine

Readings
  • Kun: いわし (iwashi, 鰯)

Etymology

From Old Japanese.[1] Attested in a mokkan dated around 756.[1]

Seemingly connected to 弱し (yowashi, “weak”, modern 弱い (yowai)), from the way that the fish quickly dies.[1] However, the pitch accents mismatch; the Heian period accent for iwashi is <HHH>,[1] contradicting to the accent of yowashi, which has <LLF> in the Heian period.[2]

Pronunciation

Noun

鰯(いわし) • (iwashi) 

  1. [from 756] a pilchard (especially a Japanese pilchard) (Sardinops melanostictus)
    • 1648, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 8:
      鰯 楊氏漢語抄云鰯〈伊和之 今案本文未詳〉
      Pilchard: [Part of the] Willow Family. 鰯 is [also] in the Kangoshō. ([read] iwasi; currently, records of it's origin are unknown)
  2. [unknown] Japanese sardine
  3. [from 1747] an uncut sword
  4. [from c. 1310] on the night of the Setsubun, a pilchard is placed at the entrance along with a 柊 (hīragi, “Osmanthus heterophyllus”) to ward off evil spirits
  5. [from 1892] (slang, used by criminals) a prison guard

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Russian: иваси́ f (ivasí)

References
  1. “いわし 【鰯・鰮】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) Paid subscription required‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
  2. “よわ・い 【弱】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) Paid subscription required‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō
  5. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

鰯 • (yak) (hangeul 약, revised yak, McCune–Reischauer yak, Yale yak)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Northern Amami-Oshima

Etymology

Possibly borrowed from Japanese 鰯 (iwashi).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ʔiwaɕi]

Noun

鰯(イワシ) (iwasi) 

  1. a pilchard (especially a Japanese pilchard) (Sardinops melanostictus)

References
  • Osada, Suma; Suyama, Nahoko (1977) 奄美方言分類辞典上巻 [Dictionary of Amami Dialect on Semantic Principles: Volume 1], Tokyo: Kasama Shoin, page 857
  • Osada, Suma; Suyama, Nahoko; Fujii, Misako (1980) 奄美方言分類辞典下巻 [Dictionary of Amami Dialect on Semantic Principles: Volume 2], Tokyo: Kasama Shoin

Old Japanese

Etymology

Seemingly connected to 弱し (yo1wasi, “weak”), from the way that the fish quickly dies.[1] However, the pitch accents mismatch; the Heian period accent for iwashi is <HHH>,[1] contradicting to the accent of yowashi, which has <LLF> in the Heian period.[2]

Noun

鰯 (iwasi) (kana いわし)

  1. a pilchard (especially a Japanese pilchard (Sardinops melanostictus))
    • Mokkan #2283 from Heijo Palace; text here
      青郷御贄伊和志腊五升
      AWOSATO1 NO2 MI1-NIPE2 NO2 iwasi NO2 KI1TAPI1 PA ITU-MASU
      The dried meat of a pilchard offered from Awosato [weighs] five masu.

References
  1. “いわし 【鰯・鰮】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) Paid subscription required‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
  2. “よわ・い 【弱】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) Paid subscription required‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
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