青天

Chinese

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Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qīngtiān

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄥㄊㄧㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ceng¹ tin¹
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chheng-thian

(Teochew, Peng'im): cên¹ tin¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qīngtiān
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥㄊㄧㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cingtian
  - Wade–Giles: chʻing¹-tʻien¹
  - Yale: chīng-tyān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chingtian
  - Palladius: цинтянь (cintjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ceng¹ tin¹
  - Yale: chēng tīn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tseng¹ tin¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: céng¹ tin¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɛːŋ⁵⁵ tʰiːn⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheng-thian
  - Tâi-lô: tshing-thian
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhengtiefn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ³³ tʰiɛn³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cên¹ tin¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsheⁿ thiⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ tʰĩ³³/

Middle Chinese: tsheng then

Rime
Character	青	天
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	青 (125)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	IV
Fanqie	倉經切	他前切
Baxter	tsheng	then
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰeŋ/	/tʰen/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰeŋ/	/tʰen/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɛŋ/	/tʰɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰɛjŋ/	/tʰɛn/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰeŋ/	/tʰen/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰieŋ/	/tʰien/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰieŋ/	/tʰien/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qīng	tiān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cing¹	tin¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[s.r̥]ˤeŋ l̥ˤi[n]|l̥ˤi[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*sʰleːŋ qʰl'iːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	青	天	天
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qīng	tiān	xiān
Middle Chinese	‹ tsheng ›	‹ then ›	‹ xen ›
Old Chinese	/*[s.r̥]ˁeŋ/	/*l̥ˁi[n]/	/l̥ˁi[n]/ (W dialect: l̥ˁ- > Hàn-time xˁ- > MC x-)
English	green or blue	heaven	heaven
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	青	天
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11362	12387
Phonetic component	生	天
Rime group	耕	眞
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	靑	天
Old Chinese	/*sʰleːŋ/	/*qʰl'iːn/
Notes	說文從生丹，戴桐王筠皆雲從丹生聲

Noun

青天

blue sky
- 背負青天而莫之夭閼者，而後乃今將圖南。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  背负青天而莫之夭阏者，而后乃今将图南。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE
  Bèifù qīngtiān ér mò zhī yāo'è zhě, érhòu nǎijīn jiāng tú nán. [Pinyin]
  As it seemed to bear the blue sky on its back, and there was nothing to obstruct or arrest its course, it could pursue its way to the South.

Synonyms

碧空 (bìkōng) (literary)
碧落 (bìluò) (literary, Taoism)
蒼天／苍天 (cāngtiān) (literary)
蒼旻／苍旻 (cāngmín) (literary)
蒼穹／苍穹 (cāngqióng) (literary)
藍天／蓝天 (lántiān)
青空 (qīngkōng) (literary)

Derived terms

包青天 (Bāoqīngtiān)
撥開雲霧見青天／拨开云雾见青天 (bōkāi yúnwù jiàn qīngtiān)
青天白日 (qīngtiānbáirì)
青天白日滿地紅／青天白日满地红 (qīngtiān báirì mǎndì hóng)

Proper noun

青天

(～村) Qingtian (a village in Muyu, Shennongjia, Hubei, China)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
青	天
せい Grade: 1	てん Grade: 1
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
靑天 (kyūjitai)

Noun

青(せい)天(てん) • (seiten)

blue sky

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