親友

See also: 亲友

Chinese

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qīnyǒu

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣㄧㄡˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): can¹ jau⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhîn-yû
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chhin-iú

(Teochew, Peng'im): cing¹ iu²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qīnyǒu
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣㄧㄡˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cinyǒu
  - Wade–Giles: chʻin¹-yu³
  - Yale: chīn-yǒu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chinyeou
  - Palladius: цинью (cinʹju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: can¹ jau⁵
  - Yale: chān yáuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsan¹ jau⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: cen¹ yeo⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ jɐu̯¹³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhîn-yû
  - Hakka Romanization System: qin´ iu´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qin¹ yiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯u²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhîn-yû
  - Hakka Romanization System: qin´ (r)iu´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qin¹ yiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ (j)i̯u²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhin-iú
  - Tâi-lô: tshin-iú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chin'iuo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴⁻²² iu⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰin³³ iu⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴⁻²² iu⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ iu⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ iu⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cing¹ iu²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshing iú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiŋ³³⁻²³ iu⁵²/

Middle Chinese: tshin hjuwX

Rime
Character	親	友
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	七人切	云久切
Baxter	tshin	hjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰiɪn/	/ɦɨu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰin/	/ɦiu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰjen/	/ɣiəu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰin/	/ɦuw^X/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰiĕn/	/ɣiu^X/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰĭĕn/	/ɣĭəu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰi̯ĕn/	/i̯ə̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qīn	yǒu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	can¹	jau⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]i[n] [ɢ]ʷəʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*sʰin ɢʷɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	親	友
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qīn	yǒu
Middle Chinese	‹ tshin ›	‹ hjuw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]i[n]/	/*[ɢ]ʷəʔ/
English	close; parents	friend
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	親	友
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	13804	15596
Phonetic component	辛	又
Rime group	眞	之
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	親	有
Old Chinese	/*sʰin/	/*ɢʷɯʔ/
Notes	說文親（同榛）聲

Noun

親友

(collective) friends and relatives
(Classical Chinese) close friend

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (親友):

→ Japanese: Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
→ Korean: 친우(親友) (chinu)
→ Vietnamese: thân hữu (Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value))

Verb

親友

(Classical Chinese) to get close to

Japanese

Kanji in this term
親	友
しん Grade: 2	ゆう Grade: 2
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しんゆう [shìń'yúú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [ɕĩɰ̃jɯ̟ᵝː]

Noun

親(しん)友(ゆう) • (shin'yū)

close friend, bosom buddy
- 1987 March 20 [1987 February 20], Fujiko Fujio, “テレパ椎(しい)”, in カンビュセスの籤(くじ) (藤子不二雄ＳＦ全短編; 1), 2nd edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, →ISBN, 第二章, page 386:
  おれたちや親友だな！そうだな
  そうだ　そうだ
  Ore-tachi ya shin’yū da na! Sō da na
  Sō da Sō da
  We are bosom buddies! Yes, we are.
  Yes, we are. Yes, we are.
crony, chum

References

1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
親	友

Noun

親友 • (chinu) (hangeul 친우)

Hanja form^? of 친우 (“friend; best friend”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
親	友

Noun

親友

chữ Hán form of thân hữu (“relative; friends”).

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[NHK-1] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN