蚯蚓

Chinese
earthworm
simp. and trad.
(蚯蚓)		 蚯 蚓
2nd round simp. 丘引
alternative forms 蚯螾
丘蚓
丘螾
邱蚓
邱螾

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “what does 蚯 mean?”)

Pronunciation

Note:
  • gao6 ung2 - vernacular;
  • kiu1 ing2 - literary.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wugniu: 1chieu-yin
      • Wiktionary Romanisation: 1qieu-hhin
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiɤ⁵⁵ ɦin²¹/
Rime
Character 蚯 蚓
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 尤 (136) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 去鳩切 余忍切
Baxter khjuw yinX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kʰɨu/ /jiɪnX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʰiu/ /jinX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kʰiəu/ /jenX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kʰuw/ /jinX/
Li
Rong		 /kʰiu/ /iĕnX/
Wang
Li		 /kʰĭəu/ /jĭĕnX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kʰi̯ə̯u/ /i̯ĕnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qiū yǐn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 hau1 jan5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 蚯 蚓
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 qiū yǐn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ khjuw › ‹ yinX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[k]ʷʰə/ /*[ɢ](r)ə[r]ʔ/
English 蚯蚓 khjuw.yinX earth-worm earth-worm (khjuw.yinX)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 蚯 蚓
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 10525 15307
Phonetic
component		 丘 引
Rime
group		 之 眞
Rime
subdivision		 0 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 丘 引
Old
Chinese		 /*kʰʷɯ/ /*linʔ/
Notes 見禮記 說文同螾

Noun

蚯蚓

  1. earthworm (Classifier: 條／条 m c)

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 蚯蚓 (“earthworm”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 蚓, 蚯蚓, 蜿蟺, 蜸蚕, 螼蚓
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 蚯蚓
Mandarin Beijing 曲蟮
Taiwan 蚯蚓
Tianjin 地蠶
Langfang 曲拆
Tangshan 曲坼
Cangzhou 曲蟮
Baoding 曲坼
Shijiazhuang 曲曲蟮
Daming 出串
Ulanhot 曲蛇
Tongliao 蚯蚓
Chifeng 曲蟮
Bayanhot 蚯蚓
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 蚯蚓
Harbin 曲蛇
Shenyang 曲蛇
Yantai (Muping) 曲蛇
Qingdao 曲蟮
Jinan 曲蟮
Luoyang 曲踡
Wanrong 曲蟮
Wanrong (Ronghe) 蚰蜒
Zhengzhou 除串
Xi'an 蚰蜒
Yinchuan 土蟲
Lanzhou 曲蟮
Xining 曲蟮, 泥曲蟮
Ürümqi 蚯蚓
Wuhan 曲蟮
Chengdu 曲蟮兒, 蚯蚓
Guiyang 曲蟮
Kunming 曲蟮
Guilin 鴨蟲
Liuzhou 鴨蟲
Xuzhou 地曲, 蚯蚓
Yangzhou 曲蟮
Nanjing 曲蟮
Hefei 曲蟮
Nantong 地龍, 寒䘆
Changle (Qinjiang) 曲蟮
Singapore 蚯蚓
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 曲蟮
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 曲蟮
Cantonese Guangzhou 黃䘆
Hong Kong 黃䘆, 蚯蚓
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 鵝䘆, 蛇䘆, 禾䘆
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 禾䘆
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 鵝䘆
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 蛇䘆
Macau 河䘆
Guangzhou (Panyu) 黃䘆, 塘䘆
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 黃䘆
Guangzhou (Conghua) 黃䘆
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 鵝䘆
Foshan 巷䘆
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 塘䘆
Foshan (Shunde) 河䘆
Foshan (Sanshui) 龍䘆
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 䘆
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 濠䘆
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 狗䘆
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 禾䘆, 黃䘆
Zhuhai (Doumen) 禾䘆
Jiangmen (Baisha) 黃䘆
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 黃䘆
Taishan 黃䘆
Kaiping (Chikan) 黃䘆
Enping (Niujiang) 黃䘆
Heshan (Yayao) 黃䘆
Dongguan 禾䘆
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 黃䘆
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 蛇䘆, 蛇䘆公
Qingyuan 黃䘆
Fogang 黃䘆
Yingde (Hanguang) 黃䘆
Yangshan 黃䘆
Lianshan (Butian) 蚓
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 蚓
Shaoguan 黃䘆
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 黃䘆
Renhua 䘆公
Lechang 䘆公, 黃䘆
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 黃蚓
Sihui 黃蚓
Guangning 黃蚓
Deqing 黃蚓
Huaiji 黃䘆
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 蚓
Yunfu 黃蚓
Xinxing 虎蚓
Luoding 黃䘆
Yunan (Pingtai) 黃䘆
Xinyi 黃䘆
Lianjiang 泥䘆
Nanning 黃䘆
Wuzhou 黃䘆, 地龍
Yulin 蛆彈
Hepu (Lianzhou) 土努
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 黃䘆
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 黃䘆
Gan Nanchang 寒螼子, 寒螼
Lichuan 塘蟻
Pingxiang 回䘆
Hakka Meixian 䘆公
Xingning 䘆公
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 䘆
Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) 䘆
Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) 䘆
Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) 䘆
Huidong (Daling) 䘆公
Dongguan (Qingxi) 蟲䘆
Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) 䘆
Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 䘆
Boluo (Bendihua) 䘆
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 紅䘆
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 蟲䘆
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 河䘆
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 河䘆
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 紅䘆
Wuhua (Huacheng) 䘆公
Wuhua (Changbu) 䘆公
Wuhua (Mianyang) 紅䘆
Wuhua (Meilin) 紅䘆
Heyuan (Bendihua) 䘆公, 䘆
Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) 䘆公
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 䘆公, 䘆
Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) 䘆
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 䘆
Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) 䘆
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 䘆
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 紅䘆
Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) 䘆公, 䘆
Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) 䘆公, 䘆
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 黃䘆
Liannan 䘆公
Conghua (Lütian) 黃蟮
Jiexi 紅䘆
Changting 黃䘆
Wuping 黃䘆
Wuping (Pingyu) 紅䘆
Liancheng 黃䘆
Ninghua 河䘆
Yudu 河䘆, 禾䘆, 䘆
Ruijin 河䘆
Shicheng 河蟻
Shangyou (Shexi) 䘆公
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 䘆公
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 䘆公
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 蟲䘆
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 蟲䘆
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 䘆公, 蟲䘆
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 蟲䘆
Hong Kong 蟲䘆, 紅䘆
Luchuan 黃䘆
Luchuan (Daqiao) 紅䘆
Sabah (Longchuan) 紅䘆
Senai (Huiyang) 紅䘆
Singkawang 紅䘆, 紅䘆公
Huizhou Jixi 河蟻
Shexian 紅蟻
Tunxi 河䘆
Xiuning 蚢䘆
Qimen 𧑚䘆兒, 克俊
Wuyuan 兔
Jin Taiyuan 曲蟮
Xinzhou 茭子魚兒, 曲蟮兒
Taibus (Baochang) 蚯蚓
Linhe 蚯蚓
Jining 蚯蚓
Hohhot 曲蟮
Baotou 蚯蚓
Dongsheng 蚯蚓
Haibowan 蚯蚓
Zhangjiakou 曲蟮
Handan 出串
Min Bei Jian'ou 加溜䘆, 地龍 large, 地龍杠 large
Jian'ou (Dikou) 溜䘆
Jianyang 尿䘆
Wuyishan 地䘆
Pucheng (Shibei) 溜䘆
Min Dong Fuzhou 猴蚓, 地龍 large
Changle 猴蚓
Fuqing 琴蚓, 地龍 large
Yongtai 猴蚓
Fu'an 猴蚓
Ningde 猴蚓
Shouning 猴蚓
Zhouning 猴蚓
Fuding 猴蚓
Min Nan Xiamen 杜蚓, 猴蚓
Quanzhou 猴蚓
Jinjiang 猴蚓
Yongchun 猴蚓
Zhangzhou 杜蚓
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 杜蚓
Dongshan 杜蚓
Taipei 牛貫, 杜蚓仔, 杜蚓
New Taipei (Sanxia) 杜蚓
Kaohsiung 杜蚓仔
Yilan 杜蚓
Changhua (Lukang) 杜蚓
Taichung 杜蚓仔
Taichung (Wuqi) 杜蚓
Tainan 杜蚓仔
Taitung 杜蚓
Hsinchu 杜蚓
Kinmen 杜蚓
Penghu (Magong) 塗蚓, 杜蚓
Penang (Hokkien) cacing
Singapore (Hokkien) 杜蚓, 猴蚓
Manila (Hokkien) 猴蚓
Longyan 鴨蟲
Zhangping 垢蚓
Zhangping (Yongfu) 垢蚓
Datian 猴蚓
Pingnan (Shangdu) 杜蚓
Chaozhou 蚯蚓
Shantou 蚯蚓
Jieyang 蚯蚓
Haifeng 蚯蚓
Bangkok (Teochew) 蚯蚓
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 蚯蚓
Hat Yai (Teochew) 塗蚓
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 蚯蚓
Pontianak (Teochew) 蚯蚓, cacing
Leizhou 塗蚓𧊗
Wenchang 餌龍
Haikou 塗蚓, 餌龍
Puxian Min Putian 猴蚓, 墿龍
Putian (Donghai) 猴蚓
Putian (Jiangkou) 猴蚓
Putian (Nanri) 猴蚓
Xianyou 猴蚓
Xianyou (Fengting) 猴蚓
Xianyou (Youyang) 猴蚓
Fuding (Aoyao) 猴蚓
Min Zhong Yong'an 蝦䘆
Sanyuan 河䘆
Shaxian 河䘆
Zhongshan Min Sanxiang 猴蚓
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 土䏰
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 蚯青
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 蚓
Wu Shanghai 曲蟮, 蚯蚓
Shanghai (Chongming) 觸蟮
Suzhou 曲蟮
Wuxi 蚯蚓, 曲蟮
Danyang 曲蟮
Hangzhou 曲蟮
Ningbo 曲蟮
Wenzhou 康䘆
Jinhua 蟮麵, 水麵
Jinhua (Tangxi) 蟮麵
Xiang Changsha 曲蟮子
Xiangtan 曲線子
Loudi 曲蟮子, 曲蟮
Shuangfeng 曲染子
Quanzhou 鴨蟲

Derived terms
  • 海蚯蚓
  • 蚯蚓瘴
  • 蚯蚓竅／蚯蚓窍

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (蚯蚓):
  • → Japanese: 蚯(きゅう)蚓(いん) (kyūin)
  • → Korean: 구인(蚯蚓) (gu'in)

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
蚯 蚓
みみず
Hyōgaiji Hyōgaiji
jukujikun
Kanji in this term
蚯 蚓
めめず
Hyōgaiji Hyōgaiji
jukujikun

Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *memensu. The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓).

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) めめず [mèmézú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [me̞me̞zɨᵝ]

Noun

蚯蚓(みみず) or 蚯蚓(めめず) • (mimizu or memezu)  (counter 匹)

  1. an earthworm (type of worm)
    • 2005 August 9, Hideaki Sorachi, “[第](だい)六十四[訓](くん)　キャラクターはシルエットだけで[読](どく)[者](しゃ)に[見](み)[分](わ)けがつくように[描](か)き[分](わ)けよう”, in [銀](ぎん)[魂](たま), volume 8 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
      どっかでミミズに小(しょう)便(べん)でも　ひっかけてきたんじゃないかィ？腫(は)れるっていうよね
      Dokka de mimizu ni shōben demo hikkaketekitan ja nai ki? Harerutte iu yo ne
      Did you piss on a worm somewhere? You said swollen right?
      何(なに)言(い)っちゃってんの　迷(めい)信(しん)だろそんな…
      Nani itchatten no Meishin daro sonna…
      What you talkin’ about? That’s just a superstition…
Usage notes
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 蚯蚓(みみず)書(が)き (mimizugaki)
  • 蚯蚓(ミミズ)蜥蜴(トカゲ) (mimizu tokage, “worm lizard”)
  • 蚯蚓(みみず)鳴(な)く (mimizunaku)
  • 蚯蚓(みみず)ののたくったよう (mimizu no notakutta yō)
  • 蚯蚓(みみず)鯊(はぜ) (mimizuhaze)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
蚯 蚓
きゅう
Hyōgaiji		 いん
Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 蚯蚓 (khjuw yinX). Compare modern Mandarin 蚯蚓 (qiūyǐn).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) きゅういん [kyùúíń] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [kʲɨᵝːĩɴ]

Noun

蚯(きゅう)蚓(いん) • (kyūin) ←きういん (kiuin)?

  1. an earthworm (type of worm)

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean
Hanja in this term
蚯蚓

Noun

蚯蚓 • (gu'in) (hangeul 구인)

  1. Hanja form? of 구인 (“earthworm”).
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