菱

See also: 蔆

菱	U+83F1, 菱 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83F1

← 菰
[U+83F0]

CJK Unified Ideographs

菲 →
[U+83F2]

菱	U+F958, 菱 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F958

← 綾
[U+F957]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

陵 →
[U+F959]

Translingual

Han character

菱 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿土金水 (TGCE), four-corner 4440₇, composition ⿱艹夌)

Derived characters

𡡷

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1039, character 20
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31219
Dae Jaweon: page 1498, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3229, character 1
Unihan data for U+83F1
Unihan data for U+F958

Chinese

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

water caltrop seeds

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (夌) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
棱	*rɯːŋ
稜	*rɯːŋ
輘	*rɯːŋ
倰	*rɯːŋ
祾	rɯːŋ, rɯŋ
踜	*rɯːŋs
凌	*rɯŋ
菱	*rɯŋ
陵	*rɯŋ
綾	*rɯŋ
鯪	*rɯŋ
淩	*rɯŋ
夌	*rɯŋ
蔆	*rɯŋ
崚	*rɯŋ
掕	*rɯŋ
𩜁	*rɯŋs
庱	r̥ʰɯŋ, r̥ʰɯŋʔ
睖	*r̥ʰɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯŋ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): líng (ling²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nin²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ling⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): len³
Gan (Wiktionary): lin⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): lìn

(Meixian, Guangdong): lin²
Jin (Wiktionary): ling¹
Min Bei (KCR): lâing / lěng
Min Dong (BUC): lèng / lìng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): lêng

(Teochew, Peng'im): lêng⁵ / noi⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Shanghainese): ⁶lin
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lin²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: líng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: líng
  - Wade–Giles: ling²
  - Yale: líng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ling
  - Palladius: лин (lin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: nin²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lin
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nin²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ling⁴
  - Yale: lìhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ling⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ling⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɪŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: len³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /len²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: lin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lin³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lìn
  - Hakka Romanization System: linˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lin²
  - Sinological IPA: /lin¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: lin²
  - Sinological IPA: /lin¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ling¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /lĩŋ¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lâing / lěng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /laiŋ³³/, /leiŋ²¹/

Note:

lâing - vernacular;
lěng - literary.

Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lèng / lìng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ɛiŋ⁵³/, /l̃iŋ⁵³/

Note:

lèng - vernacular;
lìng - literary.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêng
  - Tâi-lô: lîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: leeng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /liɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /liɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɪŋ²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: lêng⁵ / noi⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lêng / nôi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /leŋ⁵⁵/, /noi⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wugniu: ⁶lin
  - Wiktionary Romanisation: ³lin
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lin²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: lin²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lin¹³/

Middle Chinese: ling

Rime
Character	菱
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力膺切
Baxter	ling
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/lɨŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/lieŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/liŋ/
Li Rong	/liəŋ/
Wang Li	/lĭəŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯əŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	líng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ling⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*rɯŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	菱
Reading #	1/1
No.	8245
Phonetic component	夌
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	陵
Old Chinese	/*rɯŋ/
Notes	同蔆，省文，見呂氏春秋

Definitions

菱

water caltrop; water chestnut (Trapa natans)

Synonyms

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

(archaic) 芰 (jì)

Compounds

撈菱／捞菱
菱形 (língxíng)
菱歌
菱花
菱花鏡／菱花镜
菱角
菱角湖 (Língjiaohú)
菱鋅礦／菱锌矿
菱鎂礦／菱镁矿
菱鐵礦／菱铁矿
菱鯛／菱鲷
青菱 (Qīnglíng)

Japanese

Kanji

菱

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

diamond (shape); rhombus

Readings

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
菱
ひし Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ひし [hìshí] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [çiɕi]

Noun

菱(ひし) • (hishi)

water caltrop

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ヒシ.

Derived terms

浜(ハマ)菱(ビシ) (hamabishi)
鉄(てつ)菱(びし) (tetsubishi)

Korean

water caltrop seeds in diamond shape (마름모, 菱形)

Hanja

菱 • (reung>neung) (hangeul 릉>능, revised reung>neung, McCune–Reischauer rŭng>nŭng, Yale lung>nung)

(마름): water caltrop, compare water chestnut.

Usage notes

It may be implausible to use water chestnut synonymously or confusingly, which is also synonymous to Eleocharis dulcis which is not closely related to water caltrop.

Vietnamese

Han character

菱: Hán Nôm readings: lăng, năng, trăng

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