菊花

Chinese

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

菊花

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): júhuā

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄩˊ ㄏㄨㄚ

(Chengdu, SP): ju² hua¹
Cantonese (Jyutping): guk¹ faa¹
Gan (Wiktionary): 'jiuh⁶ fa¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khiuk-fâ

(Meixian, Guangdong): kiug⁵ fa¹
Jin (Wiktionary): jyeh⁴ hua¹
Min Bei (KCR): gṳ̆-huá
Min Dong (BUC): gé̤ṳk-huă
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kiok-hoe / kiok-hoa / kak-hoe / kek-hoe / kek-hoa

(Teochew, Peng'im): gêg⁴ huê¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Shanghainese): ⁷ciuq-ho; ⁷cioq-ho
Xiang
(Changsha, Wiktionary): jy⁶ fa¹

(Loudi, Wiktionary): jiou² ho^1*

(Hengyang, Wiktionary): jy² fa¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: júhuā
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˊ ㄏㄨㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyúhua
  - Wade–Giles: chü²-hua¹
  - Yale: jyú-hwā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyuhua
  - Palladius: цзюйхуа (czjujxua)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: júhuār
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˊ ㄏㄨㄚㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyúhuar
  - Wade–Giles: chü²-hua¹-ʼrh
  - Yale: jyú-hwār
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyuhual
  - Palladius: цзюйхуар (czjujxuar)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy³⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ju² hua¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gyxua
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy²¹ xua⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: guk¹ faa¹
  - Yale: gūk fā
  - Cantonese Pinyin: guk⁷ faa¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gug¹ fa¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊk̚⁵ faː⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: 'jiuh⁶ fa¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈt͡ɕiuʔ⁵ fa⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiuk-fâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: kiug` fa´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kiug⁵ fa¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯uk̚² fa²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: kiug⁵ fa¹
  - Sinological IPA: /cʰiʊk̚¹ fa⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: jyeh⁴ hua¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕyəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ xua¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ̆-huá
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ky²⁴ xua⁵⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gé̤ṳk-huă
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyʔ²⁴⁻²¹ hua⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiok-hoe
  - Tâi-lô: kiok-hue
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiokhoef
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ hue⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ hue³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Penang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiok-hoa
  - Tâi-lô: kiok-hua
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiokhoaf
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ hua⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Penang): /kiɔk̚³⁻⁴ hua³³/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ hua⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kak-hoe
  - Tâi-lô: kak-hue
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kakhoef
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /kak̚⁵⁻²⁴ hue³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kak̚³²⁻⁴ hue⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, variant in Taiwan, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kek-hoe
  - Tâi-lô: kik-hue
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kekhoef
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ hue⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Singapore): /kek̚³²⁻⁴ hue⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kek-hoa
  - Tâi-lô: kik-hua
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kekhoaf
  - IPA (Penang): /kek̚³⁻⁴ hua³³/

Note:

Taiwan:
- kiok-hoe/kek-hoe - colloquial;
- kiok-hoa - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gêg⁴ huê¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kek hue
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kek̚²⁻⁴ hue³³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wugniu: ⁷ciuq-ho; ⁷cioq-ho
  - Wiktionary Romanisation: ⁴jyq-ho; ⁴jioq-ho
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕɥɪʔ³³ ho⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕiʊʔ³³ ho⁴⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: jy⁶ fa¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy²⁴ ɸa̠³³/
- (Loudi)
  - Wiktionary: jiou² ho^1*
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕɪ̯ʊ¹³ xɔ⁴⁴⁻³³/
- (Hengyang)
  - Wiktionary: jy² fa¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy¹¹ fä⁴⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese: kjuwk xwae

Rime
Character	菊	花
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	東 (4)	麻 (99)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	居六切	呼瓜切
Baxter	kjuwk	xwae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨuk̚/	/hˠua/
Pan Wuyun	/kiuk̚/	/hʷᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/kiuk̚/	/xua/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuwk̚/	/hwaɨ/
Li Rong	/kiuk̚/	/xua/
Wang Li	/kĭuk̚/	/xwa/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯uk̚/	/xwa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gu	huā
Expected Cantonese Reflex	guk¹	faa¹

Noun

菊花

chrysanthemum (plant or flower)
1. Chrysanthemum × morifolium
(slang, euphemistic) anus; asshole

Synonyms

(chrysanthemum):

九花 (jiǔhuā)
九花兒／九花儿 (jiǔhuār) (Beijing)
壽客／寿客 (shòukè) (literary)
女華／女华 (nǚhuá) (literary)
家菊 (jiājú) (literary)
延年 (yánnián) (literary)
日精 (rìjīng) (literary)
秋菊 (qiūjú) (literary)
菊 (jú) (literary, or in compounds)
金英 (jīnyīng) (literary)
陶菊 (táojú) (literary)
隱逸花／隐逸花 (yǐnyìhuā) (literary)
黃華／黄华 (huánghuá) (literary)

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

(anus):

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Derived terms

爆菊 (bàojú)
爆菊花 (bào júhuā)
菊花王朝 (Júhuā Wángcháo)
菊花茶 (júhuā chá)
菊花酒

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (菊花):

→ Japanese: Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value); Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
→ Korean: 국화(菊花) (gukhwa)

Others：

→ Lü: ᦋᦲᧉᦩᦱᧈ (tsii²xwaa¹) (via Mandarin)
→ Malay: kékwa (via Hokkien)
→ Thai: เก๊กฮวย (géek-huai) (via Teochew)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
菊	花
きく Grade: S	か Grade: 1
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きくか [kìkúká] (Heiban – [0])[1]
(Tokyo) きくか [kìkúꜜkà] (Nakadaka – [2])[1]
IPA^(key): [kʲikɯ̟ᵝka̠]

Noun

菊(きく)花(か) • (kikuka) ^{←きくくわ (kikukwa)^?}

chrysanthemum flower

Synonyms

菊(きく) (kiku)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
菊	花
きく > きっ Grade: S	か Grade: 1
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きっか [kìkká] (Heiban – [0])[1]
(Tokyo) きっか [kíꜜkkà] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [kʲik̚ka̠]

Noun

菊(きっ)花(か) • (kikka) ^{←きくくわ (kikukwa)^?}

chrysanthemum flower

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
菊	花

Noun

菊花 • (gukhwa) (hangeul 국화)

Hanja form^? of 국화 (“chrysanthemum flower”).

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[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN