瑪瑙

See also: 玛瑙 and 玛𰡻

Chinese

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Etymology

From earlier 馬腦 (mǎnǎo, “horse's brain”), as a (probably mistranslated) calque of Sanskrit अश्मगर्भ (aśmagarbha, “gemstone”, literally “stone + [womb, fetus, or kernel]”) from translated Buddhist texts. Could be a mistranslation, since “horse” in Sanskrit is अश्व (aśva).

Compare Tibetan རྟ་ཀླད (rta klad, “agate”, literally “horse + brain”), said to be a Chinese calque, which is later semantically regularised into རྡོ་ཀླད (rdo klad, “agate”, literally “stone + brain”).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 瑪 瑙
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 麻 (98) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) II I
Fanqie 莫下切 奴晧切
Baxter maeX nawX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /mˠaX/ /nɑuX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /mᵚaX/ /nɑuX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /maX/ /nɑuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /maɨX/ /nawX/
Li
Rong		 /maX/ /nɑuX/
Wang
Li		 /maX/ /nɑuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /maX/ /nɑuX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 mǎ nǎo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 maa5 nou5
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 瑪 瑙
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 8720 9372
Phonetic
component		 馬 匘
Rime
group		 魚 幽
Rime
subdivision		 0 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 馬 堖
Old
Chinese		 /*mraːʔ/ /*nuːʔ/
Notes 古作馬 同碯見漢王粲賦

Noun

瑪瑙

  1. (mineralogy) agate

Derived terms

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (瑪瑙):
  • → Japanese: Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
  • → Korean: 마노(瑪瑙) (mano)
  • → Vietnamese: mã não (Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value))

Japanese
Kanji in this term
瑪 瑙
め
Hyōgaiji		 のう
Hyōgaiji
goon
Alternative spelling
馬瑙 (rare)

Etymology

/menau/ → /menɔː/ → /menoː/

First attested in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE).[1]

From Middle Chinese 瑪瑙 (MC maeX nawX).

Pronunciation

Noun

瑪(め)瑙(のう) • (menō) ←めなう (menau)?

  1. (mineralogy) an agate

Derived terms

Proper noun

瑪(め)瑙(のう) • (Menō) ←めなう (Menau)?

  1. a female given name

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean
Hanja in this term
瑪瑙

Noun

瑪瑙 • (mano) (hangeul 마노)

  1. Hanja form? of 마노 (“agate”).

Vietnamese
chữ Hán Nôm in this term
瑪瑙

Noun

瑪瑙

  1. chữ Hán form of mã não (“agate”).
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