| torrential rush; tumultuous | bubble up; rush forth | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (洶湧/洶涌) | 洶 | 湧/涌 | |
| simp. (汹涌) | 汹 | 涌 | |
| Rime | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 洶 | 洶 | 湧 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 曉 (32) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) | 鍾 (7) | 鍾 (7) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 許容切 | 許拱切 | 余隴切 |
| Baxter | xjowng | xjowngX | yowngX |
| Reconstructions | |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/hɨoŋ/ | /hɨoŋX/ | /jɨoŋX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/hioŋ/ | /hioŋX/ | /jioŋX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/xioŋ/ | /xioŋX/ | /ioŋX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/huawŋ/ | /huawŋX/ | /juawŋX/ |
| Li Rong |
/xioŋ/ | /xioŋX/ | /ioŋX/ |
| Wang Li |
/xĭwoŋ/ | /xĭwoŋX/ | /jĭwoŋX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/xi̯woŋ/ | /xi̯woŋX/ | /i̯woŋX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
xiōng | xiǒng | yǒng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
hung1 | hung2 | jung5 |