楽しい

Japanese

Kanji in this term
たの
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
樂しい (kyūjitai)

Etymology

⟨tano1siki1 → */tanʷosikʲi//tanoshii/

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1] No Ryukyuan cognates exist; as as result, further derivation unknown. Theories include:[2]

  • A compound of (ta, hand, combining form) + 伸す (nosu, to extend)
    This is problematic, as nosu has first been attested starting from the early 900s, with no A/B distinction (see Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai for details).
  • From 田神 (tano, literally rice paddy god)
    No reading of (*no, god) exists.
  • A borrowing from an unknown language
    No words resemble *tanV meaning "fun" or "to enjoy".

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "楽しい"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 楽しく しく
のし
[tànóꜜshìkù]
[tànóshíꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形) 楽しい のし [tànóshíꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 楽しい のし [tànóshíꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative 楽しくない しくない
のしくない
[tànóꜜshìkùnàì]
[tànóshíꜜkùnàì]
Informal past 楽しかった しかった
のしかった
[tànóꜜshìkàttà]
[tànóshíꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 楽しくなかった しくなかった
のしくなかった
[tànóꜜshìkùnàkàttà]
[tànóshíꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal 楽しいです のしいです [tànóshíꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 楽しくて しくて
のしくて
[tànóꜜshìkùtè]
[tànóshíꜜkùtè]
Conditional 楽しければ しければ
のしければ
[tànóꜜshìkèrèbà]
[tànóshíꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

(たの)しい • (tanoshii) -i (adverbial (たの)しく (tanoshiku))

  1. pleasant, delightful, fun, enjoyable

Inflection

Synonyms

Antonyms

References

  1. 楽 (JapanKnowledge section not ready yet)”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten) Paid subscription required (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
  2. 楽しい/たのしい - Gogen Yurai Jiten (in Japanese)
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
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