曼殊沙華

See also: 曼珠沙華

Chinese

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Etymology

Phono-semantic matching of Sanskrit मञ्जूषक (mañjūṣaka) attested in the translation of the Saddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtra (Lotus Sutra) by Kumārajīva (鳩摩羅什) [c. 403].

是時天雨曼陀羅華、摩訶曼陀羅華、曼殊沙華、摩訶曼殊沙華，而散佛上，及諸大眾。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
是时天雨曼陀罗华、摩诃曼陀罗华、曼殊沙华、摩诃曼殊沙华，而散佛上，及诸大众。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: c. 403, Kumārajīva (鳩摩羅什 (Jiūmóluóshí)), translator. Saddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtra (《妙法蓮華經》). English text based on the translation by Hendrik Kern (1884) with modernised transliteration.
Shìshí tiān yǔ màntuóluóhuá, móhēmàntuóluóhuá, mànshūshāhuá, móhēmànshūshāhuá, ér sàn Fó shàng, jí zhū dàzhòng. [Pinyin]
[T]here fell a great rain of divine flowers, māndāravas and mahāmāndāravas, mañjūṣakas and mahāmañjūṣakas, covering the Lord and the four classes of hearers.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 曼 殊 沙 華 華
Reading # 1/2 1/1 1/2 1/3 2/3
Initial (聲) 明 (4) 常 (25) 生 (21) 匣 (33) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 桓 (62) 虞 (24) 麻 (98) 麻 (99) 麻 (99)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø) Level (Ø) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed Open Closed Closed
Division (等) I III II II II
Fanqie 母官切 市朱切 所加切 戸花切 呼瓜切
Baxter man dzyu srae hwae xwae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /muɑn/ /d͡ʑɨo/ /ʃˠa/ /ɦˠua/ /hˠua/
Pan
Wuyun		 /mʷɑn/ /d͡ʑio/ /ʃᵚa/ /ɦʷᵚa/ /hʷᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen		 /muɑn/ /d͡ʑio/ /ʃa/ /ɣua/ /xua/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /mwan/ /d͡ʑuə̆/ /ʂaɨ/ /ɦwaɨ/ /hwaɨ/
Li
Rong		 /muɑn/ /ʑio/ /ʃa/ /ɣua/ /xua/
Wang
Li		 /muɑn/ /ʑĭu/ /ʃa/ /ɣwa/ /xwa/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /muɑn/ /ʑi̯u/ /ʂa/ /ɣwa/ /xwa/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 mán chú shā huá huā
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 mun4 syu4 saa1 waa4 faa1

Noun

曼殊沙華

  1. (Buddhism) a flower attested in Buddhist literature

Usage notes

Soothill and Hodous (1937) considers the flower's identity related to Sanskrit मञ्जिष्ठा (mañjiṣṭhā, “munjeet”), i.e. Rubia cordifolia, the Indian madder.

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (曼殊沙華):
  • → Japanese: Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Modern Chinese:

References
  • H. Kern and Bunyiu Nanjio (南条文雄), editor (1908) Saddharmapuṇḍarīka (in Sanskrit), volume 1, St. Petersburg: Académie Impériale des Sciences, page 5
  • 法鼓佛教學院 (2020), “法華經數位資料庫 Saddharmapuṇḍarīka Database”, in 法華經數位資料庫‎, retrieved 2020-07-07

Japanese
Kanji in this term
曼 殊 沙 華
まん
Hyōgaiji		 じゅ
Grade: S		 しゃ
Grade: S		 げ
Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) まんじゅ​しゃげ [màńjúꜜshàgè] (Nakadaka – [3])
  • (Tokyo) まんじゅしゃ​げ [màńjúsháꜜgè] (Nakadaka – [4])
  • IPA(key): [mã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑɨᵝɕa̠ɡe̞]

Noun

曼(まん)殊(じゅ)沙(しゃ)華(げ) • (manjushage) 

  1. Alternative spelling of 曼珠沙華 (“red spider lily”)
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