春秋

Chinese

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 春 秋
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 昌 (24) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 諄 (47) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 昌脣切 七由切
Baxter tsyhwin tshjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡ɕʰiuɪn/ /t͡sʰɨu/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡ɕʰʷin/ /t͡sʰiu/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡ɕʰjuen/ /t͡sʰiəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /cʰwin/ /t͡sʰuw/
Li
Rong		 /t͡ɕʰiuĕn/ /t͡sʰiu/
Wang
Li		 /t͡ɕʰĭuĕn/ /t͡sʰĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡ɕʰi̯uĕn/ /t͡sʰi̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 chūn qiū
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 ceon1 cau1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 春 秋
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 chūn qiū
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsyhwin › ‹ tshjuw ›
Old
Chinese		 /*tʰun/ /*tsʰiw/
English springtime autumn; crop

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 春 秋
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 12573 10537
Phonetic
component		 屯 秋
Rime
group		 文 幽
Rime
subdivision		 2 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 春 秋
Old
Chinese		 /*tʰjun/ /*sʰɯw/
Notes 說文從艸從日屯聲，
實屯繁化轉註字

Noun

春秋

  1. (literally) spring and autumn
  2. (metonymically) the four seasons
  3. (figurative) a year's time; year
  4. (figurative) person's age
    春秋鼎盛  ―  chūnqiū dǐngshèng  ―  in the prime of one's life
  5. (figurative) time (as a general concept)
  6. (figurative) annal; chronicle of events by year

Derived terms
  • 富春秋
  • 春秋幾何／春秋几何
  • 春秋日高
  • 春秋榜
  • 春秋鼎盛 (chūnqiūdǐngshèng)
  • 楚漢春秋／楚汉春秋
  • 皮裡春秋／皮里春秋
  • 蟪蛄不知春秋

Proper noun

春秋

  1. the Spring and Autumn Annals (the chronicle of the state of Lu)
  2. the Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BC)

Synonyms

Derived terms

See also
Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
NameTime periodDivisions
Xia
夏 (～朝, ～代)		 2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang
商 (～朝, ～代)
殷 (～朝, ～代)		 1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou
周 (～朝, ～代)		 1046 – 256 BCEWestern Zhou
西周
Eastern Zhou
東周／东周		Spring and Autumn period
Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
Warring States period
戰國／战国
Qin
秦 (～朝, ～代)		 221 – 206 BCE
Han
漢／汉 (～朝, ～代)		 206 BCE – 220 C.E.Western Han
西漢／西汉
Xin
新 (～朝)
Eastern Han
東漢／东汉
Three Kingdoms
三國／三国		 220 – 280 C.E.Wei
魏
Shu Han
蜀漢／蜀汉
Wu
吳／吴
Jin
晉／晋 (～朝, ～代)		 265 – 420 C.E.Western Jin
西晉／西晋
Eastern Jin
東晉／东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties
南北朝		 420 – 589 C.E.Northern dynasties
北朝		Northern Wei
北魏
Western Wei
西魏
Eastern Wei
東魏／东魏
Northern Zhou
北周
Northern Qi
北齊／北齐
Southern dynasties
南朝		Liu Song
劉宋／刘宋
Southern Qi
南齊／南齐
Liang
梁 (～朝, ～代)
Chen
陳／陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui
隋 (～朝, ～代)		 581 – 618 C.E.
Tang
唐 (～朝, ～代)		 618 – 907 C.E.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
五代十國／五代十国		 907 – 960 C.E.
Liao
遼／辽 (～朝, ～代)		 907 – 1125 C.E.
Song
宋 (～朝, ～代)		 960 – 1279 C.E.Northern Song
北宋
Southern Song
南宋
Western Xia
西夏		 1038 – 1227 C.E.
Jin
金 (～朝, ～代)		 1115 – 1234 C.E.
Western Liao
西遼／西辽		 1124 – 1218 C.E.
Yuan
元 (～朝, ～代)		 1271 – 1368 C.E.
Ming
明 (～朝, ～代)		 1368 – 1644 C.E.
Qing
清 (～朝, ～代)		 1636 – 1912 C.E.

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (春秋):
  • → Japanese: Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
  • → Korean: 춘추(春秋) (chunchu)
  • → Vietnamese: Xuân Thu (Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value))

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
春 秋
しゅん
Grade: 2		 しゅう > じゅう
Grade: 2
kan’on

From Middle Chinese compound 春秋 (MC tsyhwin tshjuw, literally “spring and autumn”). The kan'on, so probably a shift in reading after initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

Noun

春(しゅん)秋(じゅう) • (shunjū) 

  1. spring and autumn
  2. (metonymically) a year; (by extension) one's age

Proper noun

春(しゅん)秋(じゅう) • (Shunjū) 

  1. the Spring and Autumn Annals

See also

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
春 秋
はる
Grade: 2		 あき
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Compound of 春 (haru, “spring”) +‎ 秋 (aki, “autumn”).

Pronunciation

Noun

春(はる)秋(あき) • (haruaki) 

  1. spring and autumn
  2. (metonymically) a year; (by extension) one's age
    • 1212, Kamo no Chōmei, Hōjōki [The Ten-Foot Square Hut]:
      四(よん)十(じゅう)あまりの春(はる)秋(あき)をおくれる間(あいだ)に
      yonjū amari no haruaki o okureru aida ni
      during the course of living some forty-odd years

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Vietnamese
chữ Hán Nôm in this term
春秋

Proper noun

春秋

  1. chữ Hán form of Xuân Thu.
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