姉

See also: 姊 and 姐
姉 U+59C9, 姉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-59C9
← 姈
[U+59C8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 姊 →
[U+59CA]

Translingual
Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character

姉 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 女十月 (VJB) or 女卜中月 (VYLB), composition ⿰女巿 (GH) or ⿰女市 (TJKV))

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 258, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6165
  • Dae Jaweon: page 523, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1029, character 16
  • Unihan data for U+59C9

Chinese

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 姉
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Definitions

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Japanese

Kanji
姉

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. older sister

Readings

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Etymology
Kanji in this term
姉
あね
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
姐
姊

From Old Japanese of unclear derivation:

  • Probably originally a compound of 吾 (a, Eastern Old Japanese first-person pronoun) +‎ の (no, possessive particle) +‎ 兄 (ye → e, “eldest sibling”):[1]
    ⟨a no2 ye⟩ → */anʉʲɨe/ → /ane/

This word is an apophonic form of 兄 (ani, “elder brother”).[2]

  • Several other theories have also been suggested.[1]

Pronunciation

    Coordinate terms

    Noun

    姉(あね) • (ane) 

    1. elder sister

    Usage notes
    • This term conveys neither positive nor negative connotations and is often used in objective narrations. However, using it to describe someone the speaker knows personally is often considered lacking respect, where more polite forms like お姉(ねえ)さん (onēsan) are preferred.

    Synonyms

    Coordinate terms

    References
    1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    2. Matsuoka Shizuo (1929) 日本古語大辞典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Archaic Japanese]‎ (in Japanese), アネ（姉）, page 56: “之からアニといふ語が分派した [The word ani developed from this]”
    3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean

    Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

    Miyako

    Kanji
    姉

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings
    • Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

    Noun

    姉(あんが) (anga) 

    1. older sister

    Vietnamese

    Nom glyph origin

    Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 女 (nữ, “woman”) + phonetic 市 (thị)

    Han character

    姉: Hán Việt readings: tỷ[1][2][3]
    姉: Nôm readings: chị[1][4]

    Noun
    1. Nôm form of chị (“elder sister, corresponding pronoun”).
      • 1820, Nguyễn Du, Truyện Kiều (傳翹), published 1870, line 16:
        翠(Thuý)翹(Kiều)羅(là)姉(chị)㛪(em)羅(là)翠(Thuý)雲(Vân)
        Kiều Thuý was the elder sister; Vân Thuý, the younger.
      • 18th–19th century, Hồ Xuân Hương (胡春香), “Đề tranh tố nữ (題幀素女)”, in John Balaban, transl., Spring Essence: The Poetry of Hồ Xuân Hương, Copper Canyon Press (book), also hosted by Nôm Foundation (online), published 2000, pages 50-51:
        姉(Chị)拱(cũng)𦎡(xinh)𦓡(mà)㛪(em)拱(cũng)𦎡(xinh)
        Big and little sister, equally lovely.

    References
    1. Trần (2004).
    2. Trần (1999).
    3. Nguyễn (1974).
    4. Nguyễn (2014).
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