丸

See also: 九 and 丮
丸 U+4E38, 丸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E38
← 丷
[U+4E37] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 丹 →
[U+4E39]

丸 U+2F801, 丸
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F801
← 丽
[U+2F800] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 乁 →
[U+2F802]

Translingual
Stroke order
3 strokes

Han character

丸 (Kangxi radical 3, 丶+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 大弓戈 (KNI), four-corner 50017, composition ⿻九丶(GJKV) or ⿵九丶(HT))

Derived characters

References

Chinese

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Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 丸
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Small seal script

s06805

Transcribed ancient scripts

L31714

L31715

L06169

L06170

L06171

L06172

L06173

L06174

L06175

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (丸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
骫 *qʷralʔ
丸 *ɡʷaːn
紈 *ɡʷaːn
芄 *ɡʷaːn
汍 *ɡʷaːn
肒 *ɡʷaːns

Shuowen suggests that it is an ideogram (指事) from 仄 (“to tilt”) flipped – something that can be tilted and turned; something round.

Unrelated to the right component of characters like 執 and 孰, which comes from 丮.

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “any relation to 圓?”)

Pronunciation

Note:
  • oân - literary;
  • îⁿ - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 丸
Mandarin Beijing /uan³⁵/
Harbin /uan²⁴/
Tianjin /van⁴⁵/
Jinan /vã⁴²/
Qingdao /vã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /uan⁴²/
Xi'an /uã²⁴/
Xining /uã²⁴/
Yinchuan /van⁵³/
Lanzhou /vɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /van⁵¹/
Wuhan /uan²¹³/ 藥～子
/yɛn²¹³/ 肉～子
Chengdu /uan³¹/
Guiyang /uan²¹/
Kunming /uã̠³¹/
Nanjing /uaŋ²⁴/
Hefei /ʊ̃⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /væ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /uɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /væ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦuø²³/
Suzhou /ɦuø¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦuõ²¹³/
Wenzhou /jy³¹/
Hui Shexian /uɛ⁴⁴/
Tunxi /uːən⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /yẽ¹³/
Xiangtan /yẽ¹²/
Gan Nanchang /yɵn⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ian¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʒen¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jyn³⁵/
Nanning /yn²¹/
Hong Kong /jyn³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /uan³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /uoŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /yiŋ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /ĩ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /zuaŋ³¹/
Rime
Character 丸
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 桓 (62)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 胡官切
Baxter hwan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦuɑn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦʷɑn/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣuɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦwan/
Li
Rong		 /ɣuɑn/
Wang
Li		 /ɣuɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣuɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 huán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 wun4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 丸 丸
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 wán wán
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hwan › ‹ hwan ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɢ]ʷˁar/ /*ɦʷˁar/ (< *[ɢ]ʷˁar)
English pellet; ball 烏丸 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 丸
Reading # 1/1
No. 12608
Phonetic
component		 丸
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 桓
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡʷaːn/

Definitions

丸

  1. small round object; ball; pellet
    肉丸  ―  ròuwán  ―  meatball
  2. (medicine) pill
  3. (obsolete) egg (of a bird)
  4. (obsolete) to roll into a ball
  5. Classifier for pills of Chinese medicine.
  6. a surname: Wan

Compounds

Pronunciation

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 丸
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 wán
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hwan ›
Old
Chinese		 /*ɦʷˁar/ (< *[ɢ]ʷˁar)
English 烏丸 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

丸

  1. Used in 烏丸／乌丸.

Japanese

Kanji
丸

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. circle
  2. round
  3. whole
  4. pill

Readings

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Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
丸
まる
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

⟨maro2⟩ → */marə/ → /maru/

Shift from Old Japanese 丸 (maro, see below).[1]

Alternative forms
  • (round object, soft-shell turtle, wholeness): 円

Pronunciation
  • Pitch accent for prefix unknown.

Noun

丸(まる) • (maru) 

  1. any round object:
    1. a circle
    2. a sphere, ball
    3. (by extension) any non-perfectly round objects, such as an oval
    4. the "○" symbol, equivalent to a check mark in some other languages
    5. (by extension) something correct, good, or right
  2. (colloquial) money
    Synonym: 金銭 (kinsen)
  3. enclosure inside a castle's walls
  4. (colloquial) the 。 mark, or 句点 (kuten, “full stop, period”)
  5. (colloquial) the ゜ mark, or 半濁点 (handakuten, “semi-voicing mark”)
  6. the circular outline of a Japanese crest
  7. (Kansai) a soft-shell turtle
    Synonym: 鼈 (suppon)
  8. term relating to completeness:
    1. fullness, wholeness
    2. meeting specific conditions
  9. a Japanese unit of weight
    1 maru is equal to 50 斤 (kin), approximately 30 kilograms
  10. a Japanese unit of counting washi
  11. a day where prices are doubled in a red-light district
Derived terms
Derived terms

Prefix

丸(まる) • (maru-) 

  1. whole, complete
Derived terms
Derived terms

Suffix

丸(まる) • (-maru) 

  1. suffix for ship names

Proper noun

丸(まる) • (Maru) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
丸
まる
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Suffix

丸(まる) • (-maru) 

  1. Alternative spelling of 麻呂 (maru): attaches to names of persons or objects expressing dearness

Pronoun

丸(まる) • (maru) 

  1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) Alternative spelling of 麻呂 (maru): first-person singular, I, me

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
丸
まろ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

⟨maro2⟩ → */marə/ → /maro/

From Old Japanese. Appears to be the older form.

Adjective

丸(まろ) • (maro) †-nari

  1. round
  2. plump and thick
  3. all, whole
    Synonym: 全部 (zenbu)

Noun

丸(まろ) • (maro) 

  1. a round object
  2. all, whole
  3. coins, money
    Synonym: 銭 (zeni)
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 丸(まろ)い (maroi)
  • 丸(まろ)かし, 塊(まろかし) (marokashi)
  • 丸(まろ)かす (marokasu)
  • 丸(まろ)かる (marokaru)
  • 丸(まろ)ぐ (marogu)
  • 丸(まろ)む (maromu), 丸(まろ)める (maromeru)
  • 丸(まろ)寝(ね) (marone)
  • 丸(まろ)臥(ぶ)し (marobushi)
  • 丸(まろ)寄生(ほや) (marohoya)
  • 丸虫(まろむし) (maromushi)
  • 丸(まろ)屋(や) (maroya)
  • 木(き)の丸殿(まろどの) (ki no marodono), 木(こ)の丸殿(まろどの) (ko no marodono)

Proper noun

丸(まろ) • (Maro) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 4
Kanji in this term
丸
がん
Grade: 2
on’yomi

/ɡwan/ → /ɡan/

From Middle Chinese 丸 (MC hwan).

Pronunciation

Affix

丸(がん) • (gan) ←ぐわん (gwan)?

  1. round; circular
Derived terms
Japanese terms suffixed with 丸
  • 螺(ら)旋(せん)丸(がん) (rasengan)

Noun

丸(がん) • (gan) ←ぐわん (gwan)?

  1. a meatball, fishball
  2. a pill
    Synonym: 丸薬 (gan'yaku)

Proper noun

丸(がん) • (Gan) ←ぐわん (gwan)?

  1. a surname

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

丸 (eumhun 둥글 환 (dunggeul hwan))

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References

Vietnamese

Han character

丸: Hán Nôm readings: hoàn, hòn, giúp, xắp, xóp

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References
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