ほくそえむ

Japanese
Alternative spellings
ほくそ笑む
北叟笑む

Etymology

Possibly from 北叟 (hokuso, alteration from 北叟 (hokusou)) +‎ 笑む (emu, “to smile”). Alternatively, 北叟 may be ateji (当て字).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) ほくそえ​む [hòkúsóéꜜmù] (Nakadaka – [4])[1][2][3]
  • IPA(key): [ho̞kɯ̟̊ᵝso̞e̞mɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

ほくそえむ • (hokusoemu) ←ほくそゑむ (fokusowemu)?intransitive godan (stem ほくそえみ (hokusoemi), past ほくそえんだ (hokusoenda))

  1. to gloat, chuckle

Conjugation
Conjugation of "ほくそえむ" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") ほくそえま hokusoema
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") ほくそえみ hokusoemi
Shūshikei ("terminal") ほくそえむ hokusoemu
Rentaikei ("attributive") ほくそえむ hokusoemu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") ほくそえめ hokusoeme
Meireikei ("imperative") ほくそえめ hokusoeme
Key constructions
Passive ほくそえまれる hokusoemareru
Causative ほくそえませる
ほくそえます		 hokusoemaseru
hokusoemasu
Potential ほくそえめる hokusoemeru
Volitional ほくそえもう hokusoemō
Negative ほくそえまない hokusoemanai
Negative continuative ほくそえまず hokusoemazu
Formal ほくそえみます hokusoemimasu
Perfective ほくそえんだ hokusoenda
Conjunctive ほくそえんで hokusoende
Hypothetical conditional ほくそえめば hokusoemeba

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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