しゃべる
See also: シャベル
Japanese
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 喋る |
Etymology
Unknown.
Possible analyses include:
- Related to しゃぶしゃぶ (shabushabu), itself apparently an onomatopoeia.
- Derived as intensifying prefix しゃ (sha) attaching to a root form related to べりべり (beriberi, “talkatively; a talkative person”), べらべら (berabera, “bubblingly; talkatively”), べろ (bero, “tongue”).
Listed in the Nippo Jisho of 1603.[1] Earliest appearance may be in the early 1300s during the Kamakura period.[2]
Pronunciation
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "しゃべる"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
しゃべる | しゃべる | [shàbéꜜrù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | しゃべれ | しゃべれ | [shàbéꜜrè] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | しゃべられる | しゃべられる | [shàbéráréꜜrù] |
| Causative | しゃべらせる | しゃべらせる | [shàbéráséꜜrù] |
| Potential | しゃべれる | しゃべれる | [shàbéréꜜrù] |
| Volitional | しゃべろう | しゃべろー | [shàbéróꜜò] |
| Negative | しゃべらない | しゃべらない | [shàbéráꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | しゃべらなかった | しゃべらなかった | [shàbéráꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | しゃべります | しゃべります | [shàbérímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | しゃべった | しゃべった | [shàbéꜜttà] |
| Conjunctive | しゃべって | しゃべって | [shàbéꜜttè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | しゃべれば | しゃべれば | [shàbéꜜrèbà] |
Conjugation
Conjugation of "しゃべる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | しゃべら | shabera | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | しゃべり | shaberi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | しゃべる | shaberu | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | しゃべる | shaberu | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | しゃべれ | shabere | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | しゃべれ | shabere | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | しゃべられる | shaberareru | |
| Causative | しゃべらせる しゃべらす |
shaberaseru shaberasu | |
| Potential | しゃべれる | shabereru | |
| Volitional | しゃべろう | shaberō | |
| Negative | しゃべらない | shaberanai | |
| Negative continuative | しゃべらず | shaberazu | |
| Formal | しゃべります | shaberimasu | |
| Perfective | しゃべった | shabetta | |
| Conjunctive | しゃべって | shabette | |
| Hypothetical conditional | しゃべれば | shabereba | |
Synonyms
- (speak, talk): 話す (hanasu)
Derived terms
- お喋り (o-shaberi)
References
- 1603, 日葡辞書: パリ本 / Vocabulario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan) (in Japanese and Portuguese), 1976 reprint, Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here, right-hand column.
- 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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